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Prominent large language models have exhibited human-level performance in many domains, even enabling the derived agents to simulate human and social interactions. While practical works have substantiated the practicability of grounding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Chenxu Wang , Bin Dai , Huaping Liu , Baoyuan Wang

Embodied intelligence fundamentally requires a capability to determine where to act in 3D space. We formalize this requirement as embodied localization -- the problem of predicting executable 3D points conditioned on visual observations and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Qiming Zhu , Zhirui Fang , Tianming Zhang , Chuanxiu Liu , Xiaoke Jiang , Lei Zhang

The use of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) as an end-to-end solution for Embodied AI and Autonomous Driving has become a prevailing trend. While MLLMs have been extensively studied for visual semantic understanding tasks, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yun Li , Yiming Zhang , Tao Lin , Xiangrui Liu , Wenxiao Cai , Zheng Liu , Bo Zhao

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (Embodied AI) is crucial for achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and serves as a foundation for various applications (e.g., intelligent mechatronics systems, smart manufacturing) that bridge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yang Liu , Weixing Chen , Yongjie Bai , Xiaodan Liang , Guanbin Li , Wen Gao , Liang Lin

Large language models are increasingly deployed in multi-agent systems to overcome context limitations by distributing information across agents. Yet whether agents can reliably compute with distributed information, rather than merely…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuzhe Zhang , Feiran Liu , Yi Shan , Xinyi Huang , Xin Yang , Yueqi Zhu , Xuxin Cheng , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Wenyuan Jiang

Virtual environments are essential to AI agent research. Existing environments for LLM agent research typically focus on either physical task solving or social simulation, with the former oversimplifying agent individuality and social…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Dekun Wu , Frederik Brudy , Bang Liu , Yi Wang

Most existing Theory of Mind (ToM) benchmarks for foundation models rely on variations of the Sally-Anne test, offering only a very limited perspective on ToM and neglecting the complexity of human social interactions. To address this gap,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Matteo Bortoletto , Constantin Ruhdorfer , Andreas Bulling

As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition from static tools to autonomous agents, traditional evaluation benchmarks that measure performance on downstream tasks are becoming insufficient. These methods fail to capture the emergent social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Zarreen Reza

Spatial intelligence is crucial for vision--language models (VLMs) in the physical world, yet many benchmarks evaluate largely unconstrained scenes where models can exploit 2D shortcuts. We introduce SSI-Bench, a VQA benchmark for spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Chen Yang , Guanxin Lin , Youquan He , Peiyao Chen , Guanghe Liu , Yufan Mo , Zhouyuan Xu , Linhao Wang , Guohui Zhang , Zihang Zhang , Shenxiang Zeng , Chen Wang , Jiansheng Fan

Human-level agentic intelligence extends beyond low-level geometric perception, evolving from recognizing where things are to understanding what they are for. While existing benchmarks effectively evaluate the geometric perception…

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance on semantic tasks, their spatial intelligence--crucial for robust and grounded AI systems--remains underdeveloped. Existing benchmarks fall short of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mingrui Wu , Zhaozhi Wang , Fangjinhua Wang , Jiaolong Yang , Marc Pollefeys , Tong Zhang

This search introduces the Multimodal Socialized Learning Framework (M-S2L), designed to foster emergent social intelligence in AI agents by integrating Multimodal Large Language Models (M-LLMs) with social learning mechanisms. The…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sureyya Akin , Shruti T. Tiwari , Ram Bhattacharya , Sagar A. Raman , Kiran Mohanty , Sita Krishnan

Autonomous agents operating in the real world must interact continuously with existing physical and semantic infrastructure, track delayed consequences, and verify outcomes over time. Everyday environments are rich in tangible control…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jieru Lin , Zhiwei Yu , Börje F. Karlsson

Expanding the application of large language models (LLMs) to societal life, instead of primary function only as auxiliary assistants to communicate with only one person at a time, necessitates LLMs' capabilities to independently play roles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yusen Wu , Junwu Xiong , Xiaotie Deng

Integrating the 3D world into large language models (3D-based LLMs) has been a promising research direction for 3D scene understanding. However, current 3D-based LLMs fall short in situated understanding due to two key limitations: 1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yue Zhang , Zhiyang Xu , Ying Shen , Parisa Kordjamshidi , Lifu Huang

LLMs exhibit promising Social Intelligence (SI) in modeling human behavior, raising the need to evaluate LLMs' SI and their discrepancy with humans. SI equips humans with interpersonal abilities to behave wisely in navigating social…

Spatial reasoning is an essential problem in embodied AI research. Efforts to enhance spatial reasoning abilities through supplementary spatial data and fine-tuning have proven limited and ineffective when addressing complex embodied tasks,…

This paper introduces Scene-LLM, a 3D-visual-language model that enhances embodied agents' abilities in interactive 3D indoor environments by integrating the reasoning strengths of Large Language Models (LLMs). Scene-LLM adopts a hybrid 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Rao Fu , Jingyu Liu , Xilun Chen , Yixin Nie , Wenhan Xiong

Social alignment in AI systems aims to ensure that these models behave according to established societal values. However, unlike humans, who derive consensus on value judgments through social interaction, current language models (LMs) are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Ruibo Liu , Ruixin Yang , Chenyan Jia , Ge Zhang , Denny Zhou , Andrew M. Dai , Diyi Yang , Soroush Vosoughi

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) demonstrate their impressive reasoning capabilities. However, the reasoning confined to internal parametric space limits LLMs' access to real-time information and understanding of the physical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Junnan Liu , Linhao Luo , Thuy-Trang Vu , Gholamreza Haffari