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Within the field of causal inference, we consider the problem of estimating heterogeneous treatment effects from data. We propose and validate a novel approach for learning feature representations to aid the estimation of the conditional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-23 Michael C. Burkhart , Gabriel Ruiz

Estimation and inference for the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) is a cornerstone of causal inference and often serves as the foundation for developing procedures for more complicated settings. Although traditionally analyzed in a batch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-10 Ojash Neopane , Aaditya Ramdas , Aarti Singh

Conditional risk minimization arises in high-stakes decisions where risk must be assessed in light of side information, such as stressed economic conditions, specific customer profiles, or other contextual covariates. Constructing reliable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Xinqiao Xie , Jonathan Yu-Meng Li

In this tech report we discuss the evaluation problem of contextual uplift modeling from the causal inference point of view. More particularly, we instantiate the individual treatment effect (ITE) estimation, and its evaluation counterpart.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Christophe Renaudin , Matthieu Martin

We study the problem of model selection in causal inference, specifically for conditional average treatment effect (CATE) estimation. Unlike machine learning, there is no perfect analogue of cross-validation for model selection as we do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Divyat Mahajan , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Brady Neal , Vasilis Syrgkanis

Uplift modeling aims to directly model the incremental impact of a treatment on an individual response. In this work, we address the problem from a new angle and reformulate it as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). We conducted extensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Chenchen Li , Xiang Yan , Xiaotie Deng , Yuan Qi , Wei Chu , Le Song , Junlong Qiao , Jianshan He , Junwu Xiong

Quantifying causal effects in the presence of complex and multivariate outcomes remains a key challenge in treatment evaluation. For hierarchical multivariate outcomes, the FDA recommends the Win Ratio and Generalized Pairwise Comparisons…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 Mathieu Even , Julie Josse

Matrix factorization is a widely used approach for top-N recommendation and collaborative filtering. When implemented on implicit feedback data (such as clicks), a common heuristic is to upweight the observed interactions. This strategy has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Alex Ayoub , Samuel Robertson , Dawen Liang , Harald Steck , Nathan Kallus

The field of causal Machine Learning (ML) has made significant strides in recent years. Notable breakthroughs include methods such as meta learners (arXiv:1706.03461v6) and heterogeneous doubly robust estimators (arXiv:2004.14497)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Kaihua Ding , Jingsong Cui , Mohammad Soltani , Jing Jin

Influence maximization in networks is a central problem in machine learning and causal inference, where an intervention on a subset of individuals triggers a diffusion process through the network. Existing approaches typically optimize…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-13 Renjie Cao , Zhuoxin Yan , Xinyan Su , Zhiheng Zhang

In the ride-hailing industry, subsidies are predominantly employed to incentivize consumers to place more orders, thereby fostering market growth. Causal inference techniques are employed to estimate the consumer elasticity with different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Zhe Yu , Chi Xia , Shaosheng Cao , Lin Zhou

Goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising direction for training agents that are capable of solving multiple tasks and reach a diverse set of objectives. How to \textit{specify} and \textit{ground} these goals in such a…

Successful negotiators must learn how to balance optimizing for self-interest and cooperation. Yet current artificial negotiation agents often heavily depend on the quality of the static datasets they were trained on, limiting their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Minae Kwon , Siddharth Karamcheti , Mariano-Florentino Cuellar , Dorsa Sadigh

Accurate prediction of outcomes is crucial for clinical decision-making and personalized patient care. Supervised machine learning algorithms, which are commonly used for outcome prediction in the medical domain, optimize for predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nithya Bhasker , Fiona R. Kolbinger , Susu Hu , Gitta Kutyniok , Stefanie Speidel

I study the optimal allocation of positional goods in the presence of externalities arising from consumers' concerns about relative consumption. Applications include luxury goods, priority services, education, and organizational…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-10 Peiran Xiao

There are various applications, where companies need to decide to which individuals they should best allocate treatment. To support such decisions, uplift models are applied to predict treatment effects on an individual level. Based on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-11 Björn Bokelmann , Stefan Lessmann

Treatment allocation under budget constraints is a central challenge in digital advertising: advertisers must decide which users to show ads to while spending a limited budget wisely. The standard approach follows a two-stage offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Abhirami Pillai

LLM routing aims to select the most appropriate model for each query, balancing competing performance metrics such as accuracy and cost across a pool of language models. Prior approaches typically adopt a decoupled strategy, where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Asterios Tsiourvas , Wei Sun , Georgia Perakis

It is valuable for any decision maker to know the impact of decisions (treatments) on average and for subgroups. The causal machine learning literature has recently provided tools for estimating group average treatment effects (GATE) to…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-10 Nora Bearth , Michael Lechner

We study a canonical multi-task demand-learning problem motivated by retail pricing, where a firm seeks to estimate heterogeneous linear price-response functions across multiple decision contexts. Each context is described by rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Varun Gupta , Vijay Kamble
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