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Uplift modeling and Heterogeneous Treatment Effect (HTE) estimation aim at predicting the causal effect of an action, such as a medical treatment or a marketing campaign on a specific individual. In this paper, we focus on data from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Krzysztof Rudaś , Szymon Jaroszewicz

Contextual Bandit (CB) algorithms are widely adopted for personalized recommendations but often struggle in dynamic environments typical of fantasy sports, where rapid changes in user behavior and dramatic shifts in reward distributions due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Anupam Agrawal , Rajesh Mohanty , Shamik Bhattacharjee , Abhimanyu Mittal

A simple advertising strategy that can be used to help increase sales of a product is to mail out special offers to selected potential customers. Because there is a cost associated with sending each offer, the optimal mailing strategy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 David Maxwell Chickering , David Heckerman

Promotions and discounts have become key components of modern e-commerce platforms. For online travel platforms (OTPs), popular promotions include room upgrades, free meals and transportation services. By offering these promotions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Dmitri Goldenberg , Javier Albert , Lucas Bernardi , Pablo Estevez

Who should we prioritize for treatment when causal effects cannot be estimated? In practice, organizations often rely on predictive proxies: ads are targeted using purchase probabilities, and retention incentives are allocated using…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-15 Carlos Fernández-Loría , Jorge Loría

A common sales strategy involves having account executives (AEs) actively reach out and contact potential customers. However, not all contact attempts have a positive effect: some attempts do not change customer decisions, while others…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Naama Parush , Ohad Levinkron-Fisch , Hanan Shteingart , Amir Bar Sela , Amir Zilberman , Jake Klein

Since the advent of autonomous driving technology, it has experienced remarkable progress over the last decade. However, most existing research still struggles to address the challenges posed by environments where multiple vehicles have to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Jing Wang , Yan Jin , Fei Ding , Chongfeng Wei

Marketing is an important mechanism to increase user engagement and improve platform revenue, and heterogeneous causal learning can help develop more effective strategies. Most decision-making problems in marketing can be formulated as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Hao Zhou , Shaoming Li , Guibin Jiang , Jiaqi Zheng , Dong Wang

In modern online platforms, incentives are essential factors that enhance user engagement and increase platform revenue. Over recent years, uplift modeling has been introduced as a strategic approach to assign incentives to individual…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Zexu Sun , Hao Yang , Dugang Liu , Yunpeng Weng , Xing Tang , Xiuqiang He

A primary challenge in ITE estimation is sample selection bias. Traditional approaches utilize treatment regularization techniques such as the Integral Probability Metrics (IPM), re-weighting, and propensity score modeling to mitigate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hangtao Zhang , Zhe Li , Kairui Zhang

We introduce a new preference-based framework for conditional treatment effect estimation and policy learning, built on the Conditional Preference-based Treatment Effect (CPTE). CPTE requires only that outcomes be ranked under a preference…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-04 Dovid Parnas , Mathieu Even , Julie Josse , Uri Shalit

We introduce a unified framework for contextual and causal Bayesian optimisation, which aims to design intervention policies maximising the expectation of a target variable. Our approach leverages both observed contextual information and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Vahan Arsenyan , Antoine Grosnit , Haitham Bou-Ammar , Arnak Dalalyan

In many settings, interventions may be more effective for some individuals than others, so that targeting interventions may be beneficial. We analyze the value of targeting in the context of a large-scale field experiment with over 53,000…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-06-04 Susan Athey , Niall Keleher , Jann Spiess

Digital travel platforms often operate multiple marketing journeys simultaneously, resulting in overlapping user exposures that bias the standard A/B lift estimation. Because traditional lift experiments assume treatment isolation, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-28 Jorge Pellegrini

Promotions and discounts are essential components of modern e-commerce platforms, where they are often used to incentivize customers towards purchase completion. Promotions also affect revenue and may incur a monetary loss that is often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Javier Albert , Dmitri Goldenberg

Recommender systems learn personalized user preferences from user feedback like clicks. However, user feedback is usually biased towards partially observed interests, leaving many users' hidden interests unexplored. Existing approaches…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Jiaju Chen , Wenjie Wang , Chongming Gao , Peng Wu , Jianxiong Wei , Qingsong Hua

B2B sales organizations must identify "persuadable" accounts within zero-inflated revenue distributions to optimize expensive human resource allocation. Standard uplift frameworks struggle with treatment signal collapse in high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Vamshi Guduguntla , Kavin Soni , Debanshu Das

A multi-modal guardrail must effectively filter image content based on user-defined policies, identifying material that may be hateful, reinforce harmful stereotypes, contain explicit material, or spread misinformation. Deploying such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Cheng-Fu Yang , Thanh Tran , Christos Christodoulopoulos , Weitong Ruan , Rahul Gupta , Kai-Wei Chang

We develop a decision making framework to cast the problem of learning a ranking policy for search or recommendation engines in a two-sided e-commerce marketplace as an expected reward optimization problem using observational data. As a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ehsan Ebrahimzadeh , Nikhil Monga , Hang Gao , Alex Cozzi , Abraham Bagherjeiran

The online advertising management platform has become increasingly popular among e-commerce vendors/advertisers, offering a streamlined approach to reach target customers. Despite its advantages, configuring advertising strategies correctly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Lianghai Xiao , Yixing Zhao , Jiwei Chen