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We develop an abstract axiomatic theory of tie-breaking. A tie-breaking input consists of a finite set N of players, a weak order on N representing the standings to be refined, and an auxiliary information item drawn from a set on which the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Frank M. V. Feys

We consider the problem of ranking $n$ players from partial pairwise comparison data under the Bradley-Terry-Luce model. For the first time in the literature, the minimax rate of this ranking problem is derived with respect to the Kendall's…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-22 Pinhan Chen , Chao Gao , Anderson Y. Zhang

We consider the classic problem of establishing a statistical ranking of a set of n items given a set of inconsistent and incomplete pairwise comparisons between such items. Instantiations of this problem occur in numerous applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-07 Mihai Cucuringu

We only consider finite structures. With every totally ordered set $V$ and a subset $P$ of $\binom{V}{2}$, we associate the underlying tournament ${\rm Inv}(\underline{V}, P)$ obtained from the transitive tournament $\underline{V}:=(V,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-08 Houmem Belkhechine , Cherifa Ben Salha , Rim Romdhane

Knockout tournaments constitute a popular format for organizing sports competitions. While prior results have shown that it is often possible to manipulate a knockout tournament by fixing the bracket, these results ignore the prevalent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Pasin Manurangsi , Warut Suksompong

We consider turn-based stochastic two-player games with a combination of a parity condition that must hold surely, that is in all possible outcomes, and of a parity condition that must hold almost-surely, that is with probability 1. The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Laurent Doyen , Shibashis Guha

This paper explores a novel way for analyzing the tournament structures to find a best suitable one for the tournament under consideration. It concerns about three aspects such as tournament conducting cost, competitiveness development and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Nhien Pham Hoang Bao , Hiroyuki Iida

A digraph $D$ is $k$-linked if for every $2k$ distinct vertices $ x_1,\ldots , x_k, y_1, \ldots , y_k$ in $D$, there exist $k$ pairwise vertex-disjoint paths $P_1,\ldots, P_k$ such that $P_i$ starts at $x_i$ and ends at $y_i$ for each $i\in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-31 Jia Zhou , Jin Yan

In J. Schwenk.(2018) ['What is the Correct Way to Seed a Knockout Tournament?' Retrieved from The American Mathematical Monthly], Schwenk identified a surprising weakness in the standard method of seeding a single elimination (or knockout)…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-19 Zijie Zhou

We consider a generalisation of Kelly's conjecture which is due to Alspach, Mason, and Pullman from 1976. Kelly's conjecture states that every regular tournament has an edge decomposition into Hamilton cycles, and this was proved by K\"uhn…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-06 Allan Lo , Viresh Patel , Jozef Skokan , John Talbot

Coloring graphs is an important algorithmic problem in combinatorics with many applications in computer science. In this paper we study coloring tournaments. A chromatic number of a random tournament is of order $\Omega(\frac{n}{\log(n)})$.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-04-07 Krzysztof Choromanski , Tony Jebara

The class of Guaranteed Scoring Games (GS) are two-player combinatorial games with the property that Normal-play games (Conway et. al.) are ordered embedded into GS. They include, as subclasses, the scoring games considered by Milnor…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-01 Urban Larsson , João P. Neto , Richard J. Nowakowski , Carlos P. Santos

The group draw of a sports tournament requires assigning teams to groups of (almost) the same size. The most important criteria for a draw procedure are balance, randomness, and transparency, which could not be satisfied simultaneously if…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-25 László Csató

The paper [Ras15a] introduced distribution-valued games. This game-theoretic model uses probability distributions as payoffs for games in order to express uncertainty about the payoffs. The player's preferences for different payoffs are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-26 Vincent Bürgin

Professional team sports provide an excellent domain for studying the dynamics of social competitions. These games are constructed with simple, well-defined rules and payoffs that admit a high-dimensional set of possible actions and…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-06-17 Leto Peel , Aaron Clauset

Tournament solutions are standard tools for identifying winners based on pairwise comparisons between competing alternatives. The recently studied notion of margin of victory (MoV) offers a general method for refining the winner set of any…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Markus Brill , Ulrike Schmidt-Kraepelin , Warut Suksompong

Nearly-doubly-regular tournaments have played significant roles in extremal graph theory. In this note, we construct new cyclotomic nearly-doubly-regular tournaments and determine their spectrum by establishing a new connection between…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-19 Shohei Satake

We define a family of vertex colouring games played over a pair of graphs or digraphs $(G,H)$ by players $\forall$ and $\exists$. These games arise from work on a longstanding open problem in algebraic logic. It is conjectured that there is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Rob Egrot , Robin Hirsch

Consider a totally ordered set $S$ of $n$ elements; as an example, a set of tennis players and their rankings. Further assume that their ranking is a total order and thus satisfies transitivity and anti-symmetry. Following Frances Yao…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Adrian Dumitrescu

In 2011, Rideau and Winskel introduced concurrent games and strategies as event structures, generalizing prior work on causal formulations of games. In this paper we give a detailed, self-contained and slightly-updated account of the…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-03-14 Simon Castellan , Pierre Clairambault , Silvain Rideau , Glynn Winskel