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The incomplete round robin sports tournament format, where each team plays the same number of games but faces only a subset of the other teams, is becoming increasingly popular in both youth and professional competitions. In contrast to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Karel Devriesere , David Van Bulck , Dries Goossens

A tournament $T$ is a tournament completion of a bipartite tournament $D$ if $D$ is a spanning subdigraph of $T$, i.e., $V(D)=V(T)$ and $A(D)\subseteq A(T)$. If $C$ is a $k$-dicycle (i.e., directed cycle of length $k$) in a tournament…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-12 H. W. Willie Wong

We introduce the Tournament Rank Probability Score (TRPS) as a measure to evaluate and compare pre-tournament predictions, where predictions of the full tournament results are required to be available before the tournament begins. The TRPS…

Applications · Statistics 2019-12-17 Claus Thorn Ekstrøm , Hans Van Eetvelde , Christophe Ley , Ulf Brefeld

Constructing a suitable schedule for sports competitions is a crucial issue in sports scheduling. The round-robin tournament is a competition adopted in many professional sports. For most round-robin tournaments, it is considered…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Koichi Fujii , Tomomi Matsui

In the light of the need to achieve a ranking which is understood by all tennis supporters, the ATP ranking is exposed to constant complaints from players and at the same time exposes new players to be benefited with a good tournament to be…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-12-01 Alex Aronson

On being told that a piece of work he thought was his discovery had duplicated an earlier mathematician's work, Larry Shepp once replied "Yes, but when {\em I} discovered it, it {\em stayed} discovered". In this spirit we give discussion…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 David Aldous , Brett Kolesnik

We consider the following problem posed by Volkmann in 2007: How close to regular must a c-partite tournament be, to secure a strongly connected subtournament of order $c$? We give sufficient conditions on the regularity of balanced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-21 Ana Paulina Figueroa , Juan José Montellano-Ballesteros , Mika Olsen

In knockout tournaments, players compete in successive rounds, with losers eliminated and winners advancing until a single champion remains. Given a tournament digraph $D$, which encodes the outcomes of all possible matches, and a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhonghao Wang , Junqiang Peng , Yuxi Liu , Mingyu Xiao

There are several existing algorithms that under appropriate assumptions can reliably identify a subset of the underlying causal relationships from observational data. This paper introduces the first computationally feasible score-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Subramani Mani , Peter L. Spirtes , Gregory F. Cooper

Let $T$ be a tournament with $n$ vertices $v_1,\ldots,v_n$. The skew-adjacency matrix of $T$ is the $n\times n$ zero-diagonal matrix $S_T = [s_{ij}]$ in which $s_{ij}=-s_{ji}=1$ if $ v_i $ dominates $ v_j $. We define the determinant…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Jing Zeng , Lihua You

A tournament is a directed graph resulting from an orientation of the complete graph; so, if $M$ is a tournament's adjacency matrix, then $M + M^T$ is a matrix with $0$s on its diagonal and all other entries equal to $1$. An outstanding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-25 Matt Burnham

We explore a new way to evaluate generative models using insights from evaluation of competitive games between human players. We show experimentally that tournaments between generators and discriminators provide an effective way to evaluate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-16 Catherine Olsson , Surya Bhupatiraju , Tom Brown , Augustus Odena , Ian Goodfellow

Tournament-based compensation schemes with forced distributions represent a widely adopted class of relative performance evaluation mechanisms in technology and corporate environments. These systems mandate within-team ranking and fixed…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-09 Jeremy McEntire

We prove that isomorphism of tournaments of twin width at most $k$ can be decided in time $k^{O(\log k)}n^{O(1)}$. This implies that the isomorphism problem for classes of tournaments of bounded or moderately growing twin width is in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Martin Grohe , Daniel Neuen

Probabilistic properties of tennis scoring systems are examined and compared with best-of-K systems. A model, where each player has his/her own probability of winning his/her service point and which remains invariant for the duration of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Edsel A. Pena , Dip Das , Yuexuan Wu

Given $k$ pairs of vertices $(s_i,t_i)$, $1\le i\le k$, of a digraph $G$, how can we test whether there exist $k$ vertex-disjoint directed paths from $s_i$ to $t_i$ for $1\le i\le k$? This is NP-complete in general digraphs, even for $k =…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-11-25 Maria Chudnovsky , Paul Seymour , Alex Scott

Sports analysis requires processing large amounts of data, which is time-consuming and costly. Advancements in neural networks have significantly alleviated this burden, enabling highly accurate ball tracking in sports broadcasts. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Thomas Gossard , Andreas Ziegler , Andreas Zell

We consider the manipulability of tournament rules, in which $n$ teams play a round robin tournament and a winner is (possibly randomly) selected based on the outcome of all $\binom{n}{2}$ matches. Prior work defines a tournament rule to be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Ariel Schvartzman , S. Matthew Weinberg , Eitan Zlatin , Albert Zuo

Tournament solutions are frequently used to select winners from a set of alternatives based on pairwise comparisons between alternatives. Prior work has shown that several common tournament solutions tend to select large winner sets and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Markus Brill , Ulrike Schmidt-Kraepelin , Warut Suksompong

We study the problem of scheduling asynchronous round-robin tournaments. We consider three measures of a schedule that concern the quality and fairness of a tournament. We show that the schedule generated by the well-known "circle design"…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-19 Warut Suksompong