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Grounding has been argued to be a crucial component towards the development of more complete and truly semantically competent artificial intelligence systems. Literature has divided into two camps: While some argue that grounding allows for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Timothee Mickus , Elaine Zosa , Denis Paperno

Visually-grounded dialog systems, which integrate multiple modes of communication such as text and visual inputs, have become an increasingly popular area of investigation. However, the absence of a standardized evaluation framework poses a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Yunshui Li , Binyuan Hui , Zhaochao Yin , Wanwei He , Run Luo , Yuxing Long , Min Yang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Building reliable computer-use agents requires grounding: accurately connecting natural language instructions to the correct on-screen elements. While large datasets exist for web and mobile interactions, high-quality resources for desktop…

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) marks a paradigm shift toward autonomous spatial analysis. However, evaluating these LLM-based agents remains challenging due to the complex,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Bo Yu , Cheng Yang , Dongyang Hou , Chengfu Liu , Jiayao Liu , Chi Wang , Zhiming Zhang , Haifeng Li , Wentao Yang

Visual grounding refers to the ability of a model to identify a region within some visual input that matches a textual description. Consequently, a model equipped with visual grounding capabilities can target a wide range of applications in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Georgios Pantazopoulos , Eda B. Özyiğit

Humans can flexibly switch between different modes of thinking based on task complexity: from rapid intuitive judgments to in-depth analytical understanding. However, current Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding systems which locate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Fei Tang , Yongliang Shen , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Guiyang Hou , Wenqi Zhang , Wenqiao Zhang , Kaitao Song , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents autonomously complete tasks across platforms (\eg, Linux) by sequentially decomposing user instructions into action proposals that iteratively interact with visual elements in the evolving environment.…

Although multimodal fusion has made significant progress, its advancement is severely hindered by the lack of adequate evaluation benchmarks. Current fusion methods are typically evaluated on a small selection of public datasets, a limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Leyan Xue , Changqing Zhang , Kecheng Xue , Xiaohong Liu , Guangyu Wang , Zongbo Han

Visual grounding is essential for precise perception and reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), especially in medical imaging domains. While existing medical visual grounding benchmarks primarily focus on single-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jingkun Yue , Siqi Zhang , Zinan Jia , Huihuan Xu , Zongbo Han , Xiaohong Liu , Guangyu Wang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) element grounding (precisely locating elements on screenshots based on natural language instructions) is fundamental for agents interacting with GUIs. Deploying this capability directly on resource-constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hongxin Li , Yuntao Chen , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Grounding natural language queries in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) presents a challenging task that requires models to comprehend diverse UI elements across various applications and systems, while also accurately predicting the spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhecheng Li , Guoxian Song , Yiwei Wang , Zhen Xiong , Junsong Yuan , Yujun Cai

Recent advancements in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have led to significant progress in developing GUI agents for general tasks such as web browsing and mobile phone use. However, their application in professional domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Kaixin Li , Ziyang Meng , Hongzhan Lin , Ziyang Luo , Yuchen Tian , Jing Ma , Zhiyong Huang , Tat-Seng Chua

Autonomous agents operating on the graphical user interfaces (GUIs) of various applications hold immense practical value. Unlike the large language model (LLM)-based methods which rely on structured texts and customized backends, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xuetian Chen , Hangcheng Li , Jiaqing Liang , Sihang Jiang , Deqing Yang

The advent of Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) signals a paradigm shift in artificial intelligence, moving from passive perception to active, cross-modal generation. Despite their unprecedented ability to synthesize information, a critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jingxuan Wei , Caijun Jia , Xi Bai , Xinglong Xu , Siyuan Li , Linzhuang Sun , Bihui Yu , Conghui He , Lijun Wu , Cheng Tan

The rapid advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has profoundly impacted the document domain, creating a wide array of application scenarios. This progress highlights the need for a comprehensive benchmark to evaluate these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Siqi Li , Yufan Shen , Xiangnan Chen , Jiayi Chen , Hengwei Ju , Haodong Duan , Song Mao , Hongbin Zhou , Bo Zhang , Bin Fu , Pinlong Cai , Licheng Wen , Botian Shi , Yong Liu , Xinyu Cai , Yu Qiao

Generalist multimodal agents are expected to unify perception, language, and control - operating robustly across diverse real world domains. However, current evaluation practices remain fragmented across isolated benchmarks, making it…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) action grounding is a critical step in GUI automation that maps language instructions to actionable elements on GUI screens. Most recent works of GUI action grounding leverage large GUI datasets to fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yue Fan , Handong Zhao , Ruiyi Zhang , Yu Shen , Xin Eric Wang , Gang Wu

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) and reinforcement learning (RL) have driven progress in GUI automation. However, most existing methods rely on static, one-shot visual inputs and passive perception, lacking the ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chen Chen , Jiawei Shao , Dakuan Lu , Haoyi Hu , Xiangcheng Liu , Hantao Yao , Wu Liu

In this paper, we introduce OSUniverse: a benchmark of complex, multimodal desktop-oriented tasks for advanced GUI-navigation AI agents that focuses on ease of use, extensibility, comprehensive coverage of test cases, and automated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Mariya Davydova , Daniel Jeffries , Patrick Barker , Arturo Márquez Flores , Sinéad Ryan

In this paper, we present ZonUI-3B, a lightweight Vision-Language Model (VLM) that can be fully trained on a single consumer-grade GPU (RTX 4090) while delivering performance comparable to significantly larger models on GUI grounding tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 ZongHan Hsieh , Tzer-Jen Wei , ShengJing Yang
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