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Let $G\subset SO(4)$ denote a finite subgroup containing the Heisenberg group. In these notes we classify all these groups, we find the dimension of the spaces of $G$-invariant polynomials and we give equations for the generators whenever…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alessandra Sarti

When we consider a finite abelian group acting linearly on a polynomial ring, we can find monomial generators for the subring of invariants. By Noether's degree bound and Hilbert's finiteness theorem, we know that there are finitely many…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Sasha Arasha , Marcus Cassell , Mal Dolorfino , Francesca Gandini , Gordie Novak , Daniel Qin , Sumner Strom

It is proved that for any finite dimensional representation of a prime order group over the field of rational numbers, polynomial invariants of degree at most $3$ separate the orbits. A result providing an upper degree bound for separating…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Mátyás Domokos

Let G be a semigroup of rational functions of degree at least two where the semigroup operation is composition of functions. We prove that the largest open subset of the Riemann sphere on which the semigroup G is normal and is completely…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Rich Stankewitz

The cycle polynomial of a finite permutation group $G$ is the generating function for the number of elements of $G$ with a given number of cycles: \[F_G(x) = \sum_{g\in G}x^{c(g)},\] where $c(g)$ is the number of cycles of $g$ on $\Omega$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-31 Peter J. Cameron , Jason Semeraro

We consider finite dimensional representations of the dihedral group $D_{2p}$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic two where $p$ is an odd integer and study the degrees of generating and separating polynomials in the…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2016-08-14 Martin Kohls , Müfit Sezer

A subset $\left\{x_{1},x_{2},\hdots,x_{d}\right\}$ of a group $G$ \emph{invariably generates} $G$ if $\left\{x_{1}^{g_{1}},x_{2}^{g_{2}},\hdots,x_{d}^{g_{d}}\right\}$ generates $G$ for every $d$-tuple $(g_{1},g_{2}\hdots,g_{d})\in G^{d}$.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-01-31 Gareth M. Tracey

For every group $G$, the set $\mathcal{P}(G)$ of its subsets forms a semiring under set-theoretical union $\cup$ and element-wise multiplication $\cdot$ and forms an involution semigroup under $\cdot$ and element-wise inversion ${}^{-1}$.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-17 Sergey V. Gusev , Mikhail V. Volkov

We study the left-right action of $\operatorname{SL}_n \times \operatorname{SL}_n$ on $m$-tuples of $n \times n$ matrices with entries in an infinite field $K$. We show that invariants of degree $n^2- n$ define the null cone. Consequently,…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-11 Harm Derksen , Visu Makam

Let $K$ be a field and let $\mathbb N = \{1,2, \dots \}$. Let $R_n=K[x_{ij} \mid 1\le i\le n, j\in \mathbb N]$ be the ring of polynomials in $x_{ij}$ $(1 \le i \le n, j \in \mathbb N)$ over $K$. Let $S_n = Sym (\{1,2, \ldots, n \})$ and…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2015-09-30 Eudes Antonio da Costa , Alexei Krasilnikov

Always dealing with an arbitrary field we consider the variety $(k^{n\times n})^{p}$ under the action of $GL_{n}$ by simultaneous similarity. We define discrete and continuous invariants which completely determine the orbits. The discrete…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Klaus Bongartz , Shmuel Friedland

We introduce and study a special class of ideals, called tropical ideals, in the semiring of tropical polynomials, with the goal of developing a useful and solid algebraic foundation for tropical geometry. The class of tropical ideals…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Diane Maclagan , Felipe Rincón

Let G be a finite group of complex n by n unitary matrices generated by reflections acting on C^n. Let R be the ring of invariant polynomials, and \chi be a multiplicative character of G. Let \Omega^\chi be the R-module of \chi-invariant…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Anne V. Shepler

Covariant or invariant functions under a compact linear group can be expressed in terms of functions defined in the orbit space of the group. The semialgebraic relations defining the orbit spaces of all finite coregular real linear groups…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 G. Sartori , G. Valente

Tropical ideals are a class of ideals in the tropical polynomial semiring that combinatorially abstracts the possible collections of supports of all polynomials in an ideal over a field. We study zero-dimensional tropical ideals I with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Nicholas Anderson , Felipe Rincón

This paper studies separating invariants of finite groups acting on affine varieties through automorphisms. Several results, proved by Serre, Dufresne, Kac-Watanabe and Gordeev, and Jeffries and Dufresne exist that relate properties of the…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2017-04-14 Fabian Reimers

The fundamental theorem of symmetric polynomials over rings is a classical result which states that every unital commutative ring is fully elementary, i.e. we can express symmetric polynomials with elementary ones in a unique way. The…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Sara Kališnik , Davorin Lešnik

In this paper we generalize the $j$-invariant criterion for the semistable reduction type of an elliptic curve to superelliptic curves $X$ given by $y^{n}=f(x)$. We first define a set of tropical invariants for $f(x)$ using symmetrized…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-01-11 Paul Alexander Helminck

By the Fourier transformations, any group-invariant functions over finite Abelian groups are transformed into group-invariant functions over the character groups. In this paper, we calculate matrix elements of this transformations under…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-01 Koei Kawamura

Let $E$ be a elementary abelian $p$-group of order $q=p^n$. Let $W$ be a faithful indecomposable representation of $E$ with dimension 2 over a field $k$ of characteristic $p$, and let $V= S^m(W)$ with $m<q$. We prove that the rings of…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-22 Jonathan Elmer