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Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) provides a unique opportunity to study the structural heterogeneity of biomolecules. Being able to explain this heterogeneity with atomic models would help our understanding of their functional…

Structural dynamics of macromolecules is critical to their structural-function relationship. Cryogenic electron microscopy (CryoEM) provides snapshots of vitrified protein at different compositional and conformational states, and the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-27 Muyuan Chen , Muchen Li , Renjie Liao

Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently joined X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy as a high-resolution structural method to resolve biological macromolecules. In a cryo-EM experiment, the microscope produces…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Tamir Bendory , Nicolas Boumal , William Leeb , Eitan Levin , Amit Singer

Constructing of molecular structural models from Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) density volumes is the critical last step of structure determination by Cryo-EM technologies. Methods have evolved from manual construction by structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Kui Xu , Zhe Wang , Jiangping Shi , Hongsheng Li , Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang

Discovering the 3D atomic structure of molecules such as proteins and viruses is a fundamental research problem in biology and medicine. Electron Cryomicroscopy (Cryo-EM) is a promising vision-based technique for structure estimation which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Marcus A. Brubaker , Ali Punjani , David J. Fleet

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an imaging modality that provides unique insights into the dynamics of proteins and other building blocks of life. The algorithmic challenge of jointly estimating the poses, 3D structure, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Axel Levy , Gordon Wetzstein , Julien Martel , Frederic Poitevin , Ellen D. Zhong

A single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) measurement, called a micrograph, consists of multiple two-dimensional tomographic projections of a three-dimensional (3-D) molecular structure at unknown locations, taken under unknown…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Shay Kreymer , Amit Singer , Tamir Bendory

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is capable of producing reconstructed 3D images of biomolecules at near-atomic resolution. As such, it represents one of the most promising imaging techniques in structural biology. However, raw cryo-EM…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-25 Nina Miolane , Frédéric Poitevin , Yee-Ting Li , Susan Holmes

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become a major experimental technique to determine the structures of large protein complexes and molecular assemblies, as evidenced by the 2017 Nobel Prize. Although cryo-EM has been drastically…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-01 Dong Si , Andrew Nakamura , Runbang Tang , Haowen Guan , Jie Hou , Ammaar Firozi , Renzhi Cao , Kyle Hippe , Minglei Zhao

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become a tool of fundamental importance in structural biology, helping us understand the basic building blocks of life. The algorithmic challenge of cryo-EM is to jointly estimate the unknown 3D poses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Axel Levy , Frédéric Poitevin , Julien Martel , Youssef Nashed , Ariana Peck , Nina Miolane , Daniel Ratner , Mike Dunne , Gordon Wetzstein

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful imaging technique for reconstructing three-dimensional molecular structures from noisy tomographic projection images of randomly oriented particles. We introduce a new data fusion framework,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Joe Kileel , Oscar Mickelin , Amit Singer , Sheng Xu

We present a geometry-aware method for heterogeneous single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstruction that predicts atomic backbone conformations. To incorporate protein-structure priors, we represent the backbone as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Jonathan Krook , Axel Janson , Joakim Andén , Melanie Weber , Ozan Öktem

Single-particle electron cryomicroscopy is an essential tool for high-resolution 3D reconstruction of proteins and other biological macromolecules. An important challenge in cryo-EM is the reconstruction of non-rigid molecules with parts…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-31 Amit Moscovich , Amit Halevi , Joakim Andén , Amit Singer

Background: Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become a popular tool for structural determination of biological macromolecular complexes. High-resolution cryo-EM reconstruction often requires hundreds of thousands of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-09-05 Yanan Zhu , Qi Ouyang , Youdong Mao

The goal of cryo-electron microscopy (EM) is to reconstruct the 3-dimensional structure of a molecule from a collection of its 2-dimensional projected images. In this article, we show that the basic premise of cryo-EM --- patching together…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-25 Ke Ye , Lek-Heng Lim

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful technique in structural biology and drug discovery, enabling the study of biomolecules at high resolution. Significant advancements by structural biologists using cryo-EM have led to the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-05 Yi Zhou , Yilai Li , Jing Yuan , Quanquan Gu

Recent breakthroughs in high-resolution imaging of biomolecules in solution with cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have unlocked new doors for the reconstruction of molecular volumes, thereby promising further advances in biology,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-27 Claire Donnat , Axel Levy , Frederic Poitevin , Ellen Zhong , Nina Miolane

Single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an imaging technique capable of recovering the high-resolution 3-D structure of biological macromolecules from many noisy and randomly oriented projection images. One notable…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-30 Andy Zhang , Oscar Mickelin , Joe Kileel , Eric J. Verbeke , Nicholas F. Marshall , Marc Aurèle Gilles , Amit Singer

Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) enables high-resolution imaging of biomolecules, but structural heterogeneity remains a major challenge in 3D reconstruction. Traditional methods assume a discrete set of conformations, limiting their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-09 Diego Sanchez Espinosa , Erik H Thiede , Yunan Yang

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) enables 3D visualization of cellular structures. Accurate reconstruction of high-resolution volumes is complicated by the very low signal-to-noise ratio and a restricted range of sample tilts. Recent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Vinith Kishore , Valentin Debarnot , AmirEhsan Khorashadizadeh , Ricardo D. Righetto , Benjamin D. Engel , Ivan Dokmanić