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Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a newly-emerged technology that, with its unique features, is considered to be a game changer for future wireless networks. Channel estimation is one of the most critical challenges for the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-30 Mehdi Haghshenas , Parisa Ramezani , Emil Björnson

In this letter, we investigate the transmission of a complex-valued parameter vector from a transmitter to an intended receiver, considering both the presence and absence of an eavesdropper. The direct links from the transmitter to both the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-12 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Sinan Gezici

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology to enhance the spectral and energy efficiency in a wireless communication system. The design of the phase shifts of an RIS in every channel coherence interval demands a huge…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-15 Sadaf Syed , Dominik Semmler , Donia Ben Amor , Michael Joham , Wolfgang Utschick

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) have emerged as a promising technology for 6G wireless networks, offering more advanced control over electromagnetic wave propagation than conventional diagonal RIS. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Kexin Chen , Yijie Mao , Wonjae Shin

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been envisioned as a key technology in future wireless communication networks to enable smart radio environment. To further enhance the passive beamforming capability of RIS, beyond diagonal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Ziang Liu , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx

This work investigates the modeling and optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), which generalizes conventional RIS with diagonal phase shift matrices and provides additional flexibility for manipulating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

This letter proposes a movable beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (MA-BD-RIS) design, combining inter-element connectivity and movability for channel enhancement. We study a MA-BD-RIS assisted multi-user multiple input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Shuyue Xu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS)s enhance wave manipulation through inter-element couplings but pose significant channel estimation challenges due to cascaded channels and block-Kronecker structures. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Daniel Costa Araújo , André L. F. de Almeida

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a promising technology in both terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) due to its ability to manipulate wireless environments for better connectivity. Significant studies have…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Wali Ullah Khan , Asad Mahmood , Muhammad Ali Jamshed , Eva Lagunas , Manzoor Ahmed , Symeon Chatzinotas

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been proposed recently as new technology to tune the wireless propagation channels in real-time. However, most of the current works assume single-RIS (S-RIS)-aided systems, which can be…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Khaled Ardah , Sepideh Gherekhloo , André L. F. de Almeida , Martin Haardt

We present the first experimental prototype of a reflective beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), i.e., a RIS with reconfigurable inter-element connections. Our BD-RIS consists of an antenna array whose ports are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Jean Tapie , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx , Philipp del Hougne

Recently, beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as a more flexible solution to engineer the wireless propagation channels, thanks to its non-diagonal reflecting matrix. Although the gain of the BD-RIS over…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Xiaoqi Zhang , Liang Liu , Shuowen Zhang , Haijun Zhang

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been widely discussed as new technology to improve wireless communication performance. Based on the unique design of RIS, its elements can reflect, refract, absorb, or focus the incoming waves…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-03 Salah Eddine Zegrar , Liza Afeef , Huseyin Arslan

In this paper, we propose a three-stage unified channel estimation strategy for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter wave (mmWave) systems with the existence of the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Taihao Zhang , Zhendong Peng , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Jiangzhou Wang

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) are an emerging RIS 2.0 technology for future wireless communication. However, BD-RISs are primarily passive without active amplification, suffering from severe multiplicative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Shanpu Shen , Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Qingqing Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been receiving a notable interest as an energy- and spectrum-efficient enabler for simultaneous communication and sensing. Notably, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is among the key…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Elmehdi Illi , Marwa Qaraqe

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) allow controlling the propagation environment in wireless networks by tuning multiple reflecting elements. RISs have been traditionally realized through single connected architectures,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are envisioned to play a key role in future wireless communications, enabling programmable radio propagation environments. They are usually considered as nearly passive planar structures that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-14 Haiyang Zhang , Nir Shlezinger , Idban Alamzadeh , George C. Alexandropoulos , Mohammadreza F. Imani , Yonina C. Eldar

In this paper, we investigate the channel estimation challenge in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided near-field communication systems. Current channel estimation techniques require substantial pilot overhead and computational…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Jeongjae Lee , Songnam Hong

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is regarded as a key enabler of wave/analog-domain beamforming, processing, and computing in future wireless communication systems. Recently, Beyond Diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has been proposed as a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx