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Traditional whole slide image (WSI) analysis methods typically rely on the multiple instance learning (MIL) paradigm, which extracts patch-level features at high magnification and aggregates them for slide-level prediction. However, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiusong Ge , Yingkang Zhan , Wenjie Zhao , Di Zhang , Ke Wang , Jiashuai Liu , Chunze Yang , Chengzu Li , Jian Zhang , Yuxin Dong , Ni Zhang , Qidong Liu , Mireia Crispin-Ortuzar , Huazhu Fu , Chen Li , Zeyu Gao

In computational pathology, multiple instance learning (MIL) is widely used to circumvent the computational impasse in giga-pixel whole slide image (WSI) analysis. It usually consists of two stages: patch-level feature extraction and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Beidi Zhao , Wenlong Deng , Zi Han , Li , Chen Zhou , Zuhua Gao , Gang Wang , Xiaoxiao Li

Learning good representation of giga-pixel level whole slide pathology images (WSI) for downstream tasks is critical. Previous studies employ multiple instance learning (MIL) to represent WSIs as bags of sampled patches because, for most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Chunyuan Li , Xinliang Zhu , Jiawen Yao , Junzhou Huang

One of the main obstacles of adopting digital pathology is the challenge of efficient processing of hyperdimensional digitized biopsy samples, called whole slide images (WSIs). Exploiting deep learning and introducing compact WSI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Azam Asilian Bidgoli , Shahryar Rahnamayan , Taher Dehkharghanian , Abtin Riasatian , H. R. Tizhoosh

In this paper, we address the challenge of few-shot classification in histopathology whole slide images (WSIs) by utilizing foundational vision-language models (VLMs) and slide-level prompt learning. Given the gigapixel scale of WSIs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Devavrat Tomar , Guillaume Vray , Dwarikanath Mahapatra , Sudipta Roy , Jean-Philippe Thiran , Behzad Bozorgtabar

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has become a standard paradigm for the weakly supervised classification of whole slide images (WSIs). However, this paradigm relies on using a large number of labeled WSIs for training. The lack of training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Minghao Han , Linhao Qu , Dingkang Yang , Xukun Zhang , Xiaoying Wang , Lihua Zhang

Whole slide pathology image classification presents challenges due to gigapixel image sizes and limited annotation labels, hindering model generalization. This paper introduces a prompt learning method to adapt large vision-language models…

Whole slide image (WSI) analysis has emerged as an increasingly essential technique in computational pathology. Recent advances in the pathology foundation models (FMs) have demonstrated significant advantages in deriving meaningful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zhidong Yang , Xiuhui Shi , Wei Ba , Zhigang Song , Haijing Luan , Taiyuan Hu , Senlin Lin , Jiguang Wang , Shaohua Kevin Zhou , Rui Yan

In the field of computational histopathology, both whole slide images (WSIs) and diagnostic captions provide valuable insights for making diagnostic decisions. However, aligning WSIs with diagnostic captions presents a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Qifeng Zhou , Wenliang Zhong , Yuzhi Guo , Michael Xiao , Hehuan Ma , Junzhou Huang

Omni-modal Large Language Models (Omni-LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in audio-video understanding tasks. However, their reliance on long multimodal token sequences leads to substantial computational overhead. Despite this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yue Ding , Yiyan Ji , Jungang Li , Xuyang Liu , Xinlong Chen , Junfei Wu , Bozhou Li , Bohan Zeng , Yang Shi , Yushuo Guan , Yuanxing Zhang , Jiaheng Liu , Qiang Liu , Pengfei Wan , Liang Wang

Whole Slide Image (WSI) representation is critical for cancer subtyping, cancer recognition and mutation prediction.Training an end-to-end WSI representation model poses significant challenges, as a standard gigapixel slide can contain tens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jing Jin , Xu Liu , Te Gao , Zhihong Shi , Yixiong Liang , Ruiqing Zheng , Hulin Kuang , Min Zeng , Shichao Kan

Microscopic interpretation of histopathology images underlies many important diagnostic and treatment decisions. While advances in vision-language modeling raise new opportunities for analysis of such images, the gigapixel-scale size of…

Pathology is essential for cancer diagnosis, with multiple instance learning (MIL) widely used for whole slide image (WSI) analysis. WSIs exhibit a natural hierarchy -- patches, regions, and slides -- with distinct semantic associations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Peixiang Huang , Yanyan Huang , Weiqin Zhao , Junjun He , Lequan Yu

Omni-modal large language models (om-LLMs) achieve unified audio-visual understanding by encoding video and audio into temporally aligned token sequences interleaved at the window level. However, processing these dense non-textual tokens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zijie Xin , Jie Yang , Ruixiang Zhao , Tianyi Wang , Fengyun Rao , Jing Lyu , Xirong Li

Existing visual token compression methods for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) predominantly operate as post-encoder modules, limiting their potential for efficiency gains. To address this limitation, we propose LaCo (Layer-wise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Juntao Liu , Liqiang Niu , Wenchao Chen , Jie Zhou , Fandong Meng

Accurate survival prediction from histopathology whole-slide images (WSIs) remains challenging due to their gigapixel resolution, strong spatial heterogeneity, and complex survival distributions. We introduce a comprehensive computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ardhendu Sekhar , Vasu Soni , Keshav Aske , Shivam Madnoorkar , Pranav Jeevan , Amit Sethi

Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) is a cornerstone of digital pathology, offering detailed insights critical for diagnosis and research. Yet, the gigapixel size of WSIs imposes significant computational challenges, limiting their practical utility.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Ravi Kant Gupta , Shounak Das , Amit Sethi

Computational pathology demands both visual pattern recognition and dynamic integration of structured domain knowledge, including taxonomy, grading criteria, and clinical evidence. In practice, diagnostic reasoning requires linking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinyue Li , Yuci Liang , Qiankun Li , Xinheng Lyu , Jiayu Qian , Huabao Chen , Kun Wang , Zhigang Zeng , Anil Anthony Bharath , Yang Liu

In digital pathology, Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis is usually formulated as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem. Although transformer-based architectures have been used for WSI classification, these methods require modifications…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Juan I. Pisula , Katarzyna Bozek

The interpretation of histopathology cases underlies many important diagnostic and treatment decisions in medicine. Notably, this process typically requires pathologists to integrate and summarize findings across multiple slides per case.…