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Text-to-Image models, including Stable Diffusion, have significantly improved in generating images that are highly semantically aligned with the given prompts. However, existing models may fail to produce appropriate images for the cultural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Suchae Jeong , Inseong Choi , Youngsik Yun , Jihie Kim

The recent advancements in Generative AI have significantly advanced the field of text-to-image generation. The state-of-the-art text-to-image model, Stable Diffusion, is now capable of synthesizing high-quality images with a strong sense…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Zhijie Wang , Yuheng Huang , Da Song , Lei Ma , Tianyi Zhang

Generative Sequential Recommendation (GSR) has emerged as a promising paradigm, reframing recommendation as an autoregressive sequence generation task over discrete Semantic IDs (SIDs), typically derived via codebook-based quantization.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Dengzhao Fang , Jingtong Gao , Yu Li , Xiangyu Zhao , Yi Chang

Prompt tuning has achieved great success in transferring the knowledge from large pretrained vision-language models into downstream tasks, and has dominated the performance on visual grounding (VG). However, almost all existing prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Chenchi Zhang , Jun Xiao , Lei Chen , Jian Shao , Long Chen

In computer vision, Visual Prompting (VP) and Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) have recently emerged as lightweight and effective alternatives to full fine-tuning for adapting large-scale vision models within the "pretrain-then-finetune"…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Xi Xiao , Yunbei Zhang , Lin Zhao , Yiyang Liu , Xiaoying Liao , Zheda Mai , Xingjian Li , Xiao Wang , Hao Xu , Jihun Hamm , Xue Lin , Min Xu , Qifan Wang , Tianyang Wang , Cheng Han

Text-to-image generation has advanced rapidly, yet aligning complex textual prompts with generated visuals remains challenging, especially with intricate object relationships and fine-grained details. This paper introduces Fast Prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Khalil Mrini , Hanlin Lu , Linjie Yang , Weilin Huang , Heng Wang

Text-to-image (T2I) generation models have made significant strides but still struggle with prompt sensitivity: even minor changes in prompt wording can yield inconsistent or inaccurate outputs. To address this challenge, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Mohammad Abdul Hafeez Khan , Yash Jain , Siddhartha Bhattacharyya , Vibhav Vineet

Information-seeking is a core capability for AI agents, requiring them to gather and reason over tool-generated information across long trajectories. However, such multi-step information-seeking tasks remain challenging for agents backed by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jaewoo Lee , Archiki Prasad , Justin Chih-Yao Chen , Zaid Khan , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

Prompt-guided generative AI models have rapidly expanded across vision and language domains, producing realistic and diverse outputs from textual inputs. The growing variety of such models, trained with different data and architectures,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Mehdi Lotfian , Mohammad Jalali , Farzan Farnia

Effective prompting of generative AI is challenging for many users, particularly in expressing context for comprehension tasks such as explaining spreadsheet formulas, Python code, and text passages. Prompt middleware aims to address this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Ian Drosos , Jack Williams , Advait Sarkar , Nicholas Wilson

Text-to-image generative models often struggle with long prompts detailing complex scenes, diverse objects with distinct visual characteristics and spatial relationships. In this work, we propose SCoPE (Scheduled interpolation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Ketan Suhaas Saichandran , Xavier Thomas , Prakhar Kaushik , Deepti Ghadiyaram

Despite impressive recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models, obtaining high-quality images often requires prompt engineering by humans who have developed expertise in using them. In this work, we present NeuroPrompts, an adaptive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shachar Rosenman , Vasudev Lal , Phillip Howard

Text-to-image (T2I) models have achieved remarkable progress, yet they continue to struggle with complex prompts that require simultaneously handling multiple objects, relations, and attributes. Existing inference-time strategies, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Shantanu Jaiswal , Mihir Prabhudesai , Nikash Bhardwaj , Zheyang Qin , Amir Zadeh , Chuan Li , Katerina Fragkiadaki , Deepak Pathak

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently emerged as a promising approach for aligning text-to-image generative models with human preferences. A key challenge, however, lies in designing effective and interpretable rewards. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xuelu Feng , Yunsheng Li , Ziyu Wan , Zixuan Gao , Junsong Yuan , Dongdong Chen , Chunming Qiao

Generative text-to-image models have gained great popularity among the public for their powerful capability to generate high-quality images based on natural language prompts. However, developing effective prompts for desired images can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yingchaojie Feng , Xingbo Wang , Kam Kwai Wong , Sijia Wang , Yuhong Lu , Minfeng Zhu , Baicheng Wang , Wei Chen

Despite recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) models, they often fail to faithfully render all elements of complex prompts, frequently omitting or misrepresenting specific objects and attributes. Test-time optimization has emerged as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Mohammad Hossein Sameti , Amir M. Mansourian , Arash Marioriyad , Soheil Fadaee Oshyani , Mohammad Hossein Rohban , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Scaling visual generation models is essential for real-world content creation, yet requires substantial training and computational expenses. Alternatively, test-time scaling has garnered growing attention due to resource efficiency and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Zhekai Chen , Ruihang Chu , Yukang Chen , Shiwei Zhang , Yujie Wei , Yingya Zhang , Xihui Liu

Text-to-image generative models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating high-quality images based on textual prompts. However, crafting prompts that accurately capture the user's creative intent remains challenging. It often…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Stephen Brade , Bryan Wang , Mauricio Sousa , Sageev Oore , Tovi Grossman

Text-to-image generative models, specifically those based on diffusion models like Imagen and Stable Diffusion, have made substantial advancements. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the delicate refinement of text prompts.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Wenyi Mo , Tianyu Zhang , Yalong Bai , Bing Su , Ji-Rong Wen , Qing Yang

Deploying large language model (LLM)-driven conversational agents in enterprise settings requires prompts that are simultaneously correct at launch and resilient to the non-deterministic behavioral drift that characterizes production LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Keshava Chaitanya , Jahnavi Gundakaram