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While large-scale datasets have driven significant progress in Text-to-Video (T2V) generative models, these models remain highly sensitive to input prompts, demonstrating that prompt design is critical to generation quality. Current methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zillur Rahman , Alex Sheng , Cristian Meo

The goal of this paper is to enhance Text-to-Audio generation at inference, focusing on generating realistic audio that precisely aligns with text prompts. Despite the rapid advancements, existing models often fail to achieve a reliable…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Jaemin Jung , Jaehun Kim , Inkyu Shin , Joon Son Chung

With AI-generated content becoming ubiquitous across the web, social media, and other digital platforms, it is vital to examine how such content are inspired and generated. The creation of AI-generated images often involves refining the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Khoi Trinh , Scott Seidenberger , Raveen Wijewickrama , Murtuza Jadliwala , Anindya Maiti

Effectively adapting powerful pretrained foundation models to diverse tasks remains a key challenge in AI deployment. Current approaches primarily follow two paradigms:discrete optimization of text prompts through prompt engineering, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Xiaoming Hou , Jiquan Zhang , Zibin Lin , DaCheng Tao , Shengli Zhang

Recent text-to-image (T2I) generators can synthesize realistic images, but still struggle with compositional prompts involving multiple objects, counts, attributes, and relations. We introduce EPIC (Efficient Predicate-Guided Inference-Time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Sunung Mun , Sunghyun Cho , Jungseul Ok

While modern text-to-image (T2I) models excel at generating images from intricate prompts, they struggle to capture the key details when the inputs are descriptive paragraphs. This limitation stems from the prevalence of concise captions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jen-Yuan Huang , Tong Lin , Yilun Du

Inference-time scaling through multiple sample generation in combination with Process- or Outcome-Reward Model (PRM or ORM) re-ranking has proven effective for text-based reasoning in large language models. This paper investigates whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Minghan Wang , Thuy-Trang Vu , Ehsan Shareghi , Gholamreza Haffari

We investigate the efficacy of visual prompting to adapt large-scale models in vision. Following the recent approach from prompt tuning and adversarial reprogramming, we learn a single image perturbation such that a frozen model prompted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Hyojin Bahng , Ali Jahanian , Swami Sankaranarayanan , Phillip Isola

Aligning text-to-image generation with user intent remains challenging, as users frequently provide ambiguous inputs and struggle with model idiosyncrasies. We propose Adaptive Prompt Elicitation (APE), a technique that adaptively poses…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xinyi Wen , Lena Hegemann , Xiaofu Jin , Shuai Ma , Antti Oulasvirta

Content creators often aim to create personalized images using personal subjects that go beyond the capabilities of conventional text-to-image models. Additionally, they may want the resulting image to encompass a specific location, style,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Moab Arar , Andrey Voynov , Amir Hertz , Omri Avrahami , Shlomi Fruchter , Yael Pritch , Daniel Cohen-Or , Ariel Shamir

TIPO (Text-to-Image Prompt Optimization) introduces an efficient approach for automatic prompt refinement in text-to-image (T2I) generation. Starting from simple user prompts, TIPO leverages a lightweight pre-trained model to expand these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Shih-Ying Yeh , Yi Li , Sang-Hyun Park , Giyeong Oh , Xuehai Wang , Min Song , Youngjae Yu , Shang-Hong Lai

Text-to-image models are powerful for producing high-quality images based on given text prompts, but crafting these prompts often requires specialized vocabulary. To address this, existing methods train rewriting models with supervision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hongji Yang , Yucheng Zhou , Wencheng Han , Jianbing Shen

Agentic workflows, where multiple AI agents collaborate to accomplish complex tasks like reasoning or planning, play a substantial role in many cutting-edge commercial applications, and continue to fascinate researchers across fields for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Deepak Pandita , Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Ankit Parag Shah , Isabelle Diana May-Xin Ng , Christopher M. Homan , Wei Wei

Pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP have remarkably adapted to various downstream tasks. Nonetheless, their performance heavily depends on the specificity of the input text prompts, which requires skillful prompt template…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yingjun Du , Wenfang Sun , Cees G. M. Snoek

Image restoration aims to reconstruct degraded images, e.g., denoising or deblurring. Existing works focus on designing task-specific methods and there are inadequate attempts at universal methods. However, simply unifying multiple tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Jiaqi Ma , Tianheng Cheng , Guoli Wang , Qian Zhang , Xinggang Wang , Lefei Zhang

In this paper, we present PRISM, a Promptable and Robust Interactive Segmentation Model, aiming for precise segmentation of 3D medical images. PRISM accepts various visual inputs, including points, boxes, and scribbles as sparse prompts, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Hao Li , Han Liu , Dewei Hu , Jiacheng Wang , Ipek Oguz

Personalized image generation via text prompts has great potential to improve daily life and professional work by facilitating the creation of customized visual content. The aim of image personalization is to create images based on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Mingxiao Li , Tingyu Qu , Tinne Tuytelaars , Marie-Francine Moens

Prompt engineering is still the primary way for users of generative text-to-image models to manipulate generated images in a targeted way. Based on treating the model as a continuous function and by passing gradients between the image space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Niklas Deckers , Julia Peters , Martin Potthast

Prompt tuning for vision-language models such as CLIP involves optimizing the text prompts used to generate image-text pairs for specific downstream tasks. While hand-crafted or template-based prompts are generally applicable to a wider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Qian Zhang

The evolution of prompt learning methodologies has driven exploration of deeper prompt designs to enhance model performance. However, current deep text prompting approaches suffer from two critical limitations: Over-reliance on constrastive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Qiqi Zhan , Shiwei Li , Qingjie Liu , Yunhong Wang