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Recent work in cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), where queries and documents are in different languages, has shown the benefit of the Translate-Distill framework that trains a cross-language neural dual-encoder model using…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Eugene Yang , Dawn Lawrie , James Mayfield

Multimodal semantic segmentation is a pivotal component of computer vision and typically surpasses unimodal methods by utilizing rich information set from various sources.Current models frequently adopt modality-specific frameworks that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Bingyu Li , Da Zhang , Zhiyuan Zhao , Junyu Gao , Xuelong Li

Visual Document Retrieval (VDR) typically operates as text-to-image retrieval using specialized bi-encoders trained to directly embed document images. We revisit a zero-shot generate-and-encode pipeline: a vision-language model first…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Thong Nguyen , Yibin Lei , Jia-Huei Ju , Andrew Yates

Visual-language models (VLMs) excel at data mappings, but real-world document heterogeneity and unstructuredness disrupt the consistency of cross-modal embeddings. Recent late-interaction methods enhance image-text alignment through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Weiqing Li , Jinyue Guo , Yaqi Wang , Haiyang Xiao , Yuewei Zhang , Guohua Liu , Hao Henry Wang

Multi-vector representations generated by late interaction models, such as ColBERT, enable superior retrieval quality compared to single-vector representations in information retrieval applications. In multi-vector retrieval systems, both…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Elias Jääsaari , Ville Hyvönen , Teemu Roos

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in dealing with new tasks with the help of in-context learning (ICL). In the study of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), when implementing ICL, researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Ellen Yi-Ge , Jiechao Gao , Wei Han , Wei Zhu

Current state-of-the-art approaches to cross-modal retrieval process text and visual input jointly, relying on Transformer-based architectures with cross-attention mechanisms that attend over all words and objects in an image. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Gregor Geigle , Jonas Pfeiffer , Nils Reimers , Ivan Vulić , Iryna Gurevych

The development of high-quality text embeddings is increasingly drifting toward an exclusionary future, defined by three critical barriers: prohibitive computational costs, a narrow linguistic focus that neglects most of the world's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ziyin Zhang , Zihan Liao , Hang Yu , Peng Di , Rui Wang

Document understanding is critical for applications from financial analysis to scientific discovery. Current approaches, whether OCR-based pipelines feeding Large Language Models (LLMs) or native Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), face key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sensen Gao , Shanshan Zhao , Xu Jiang , Lunhao Duan , Yong Xien Chng , Qing-Guo Chen , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Jia-Wang Bian , Mingming Gong

Multimodal retrieval systems are becoming increasingly vital for cutting-edge AI technologies, such as embodied AI and AI-driven digital content industries. However, current multimodal retrieval tasks lack sufficient complexity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Bangwei Liu , Yicheng Bao , Shaohui Lin , Xuhong Wang , Xin Tan , Yingchun Wang , Yuan Xie , Chaochao Lu

Multimodal Machine Translation (MMT) focuses on enhancing text-only translation with visual features, which has attracted considerable attention from both natural language processing and computer vision communities. Recent advances still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Hongcheng Guo , Jiaheng Liu , Haoyang Huang , Jian Yang , Zhoujun Li , Dongdong Zhang , Zheng Cui , Furu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on text-only data that go far beyond the languages with paired speech and text data. At the same time, Dual Encoder (DE) based retrieval systems project queries and documents into the same embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Frank Palma Gomez , Ramon Sanabria , Yun-hsuan Sung , Daniel Cer , Siddharth Dalmia , Gustavo Hernandez Abrego

We propose an unsupervised method to obtain cross-lingual embeddings without any parallel data or pre-trained word embeddings. The proposed model, which we call multilingual neural language models, takes sentences of multiple languages as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Takashi Wada , Tomoharu Iwata

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable success in comprehension tasks such as visual description and visual question answering. However, their direct application to embedding-based tasks like retrieval remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lihao Liu , Yan Wang , Biao Yang , Da Li , Jiangxia Cao , Yuxiao Luo , Xiang Chen , Xiangyu Wu , Wei Yuan , Fan Yang , Guiguang Ding , Tingting Gao , Guorui Zhou

Document Understanding is a foundational AI capability with broad applications, and Document Question Answering (DocQA) is a key evaluation task. Traditional methods convert the document into text for processing by Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Xixi Wu , Yanchao Tan , Nan Hou , Ruiyang Zhang , Hong Cheng

Aligning objects with corresponding textual descriptions is a fundamental challenge and a realistic requirement in vision-language understanding. While recent multimodal embedding models excel at global image-text alignment, they often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Shenghao Fu , Yukun Su , Fengyun Rao , Jing Lyu , Xiaohua Xie , Wei-Shi Zheng

Multimodal retrieval-augmented Generation (MM-RAG) is a key approach for applying large language models (LLMs) and agents to real-world knowledge bases, yet current evaluations are fragmented -- focusing on either text or images in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Xiangyu Peng , Can Qin , Zeyuan Chen , Ran Xu , Caiming Xiong , Chien-Sheng Wu

Dense Retrieval (DR) models have proven to be effective for Document Retrieval and Information Grounding tasks. Usually, these models are trained and optimized for improving the relevance of top-ranked documents for a given query. Previous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Stefano Campese , Alessandro Moschitti , Ivano Lauriola

Despite recent advancements in Multilingual Information Retrieval (MLIR), a significant gap remains between research and practical deployment. Many studies assess MLIR performance in isolated settings, limiting their applicability to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Vera Pavlova , Mohammed Makhlouf

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced VQA and now support Vision-DeepResearch systems that use search engines for complex visual-textual fact-finding. However, evaluating these visual and textual search abilities is still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yu Zeng , Wenxuan Huang , Zhen Fang , Shuang Chen , Yufan Shen , Yishuo Cai , Xiaoman Wang , Zhenfei Yin , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Shiting Huang , Yiming Zhao , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Philip Torr , Wanli Ouyang , Shaosheng Cao