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Hankel tensors arise from signal processing and some other applications. SOS (sum-of-squares) tensors are positive semi-definite symmetric tensors, but not vice versa. The problem for determining an even order symmetric tensor is an SOS…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-04 Guoyin Li , Liqun Qi , Yi Xu

We introduce {odd-order} strongly PSD (positive semi-definite) tensors which map real vectors to nonnegative vectors. We then introduce odd-order strongly SOS (sum-of-squares) tensors. A strongly SOS tensor maps real vectors to nonnegative…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-01-07 Liqun Qi , Chunfeng Cui

We consider cones of real forms which are sums of squares forms and invariant by a (finite) reflection group. We show how the representation theory of these groups allows to use the symmetry inherent in these cones to give more efficient…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-12-15 Sebastian Debus , Cordian Riener

In this article, we are interested in developing polynomial decomposition techniques based on sums-of-squares (SOS), namely the difference-of-sums-of-squares (D-SOS) and the difference-of-convex-sums-of-squares (DC-SOS). In particular, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Yi-Shuai Niu , Hoai An Le Thi , Dinh Tao Pham

We investigate the number of half-regular squares required to decompose a non-negative $C^{k,\alpha}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ function into a sum of squares. Each non-negative $C^{3,1}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ function is known to be a finite SOS in…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-09-15 Sullivan Francis MacDonald

Conjugate partial-symmetric (CPS) tensor is a generalization of Hermitian matrices. For the CPS tensor decomposition some properties are presented. For real CPS tensors in particular, we note the subtle difference from the complex case of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-08 Pengfei Huang , Qingzhi Yang

We investigate the representation of symmetric polynomials as a sum of squares. Since this task is solved using semidefinite programming tools we explore the geometric, algebraic, and computational implications of the presence of discrete…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Karin Gatermann , Pablo A. Parrilo

A widely used method for solving SOS (Sum Of Squares) decomposition problem is to reduce it to the problem of semi-definite programs (SDPs) which can be efficiently solved in theory. In practice, although many SDP solvers can work out some…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Haokun Li , Bican Xia

Certifying nonnegativity of polynomials is a well-known NP-hard problem with direct applications spanning non-convex optimization, control, robotics, and beyond. A sufficient condition for nonnegativity is the Sum of Squares (SOS) property,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Nico Pelleriti , Christoph Spiegel , Shiwei Liu , David Martínez-Rubio , Max Zimmer , Sebastian Pokutta

Denote the maximum sos rank of $m \times n$ sum of squares (SOS) biquadratic forms by $BSR(m, n)$. In this paper, we show that $BSR(m, n) \ge z(m, n)$ and conjecture that $BSR(m, n) = z(m, n)$, where $z(m, n)$ is the Zarankiewicz number.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Chunfeng Cui , Liqun Qi , Yi Xu

We prove that convex ternary quartic forms are sum-of-squares-convex (sos-convex). This result is in a meaningful sense the ``convex analogue'' a celebrated theorem of Hilbert from 1888, where he proves that nonnegative ternary quartic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Amir Ali Ahmadi , Grigoriy Blekherman , Pablo A. Parrilo

A popular numerical method to compute SOS (sum of squares of polynomials) decompositions for polynomials is to transform the problem into semi-definite programming (SDP) problems and then solve them by SDP solvers. In this paper, we focus…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-01-05 Liyun Dai , Bican Xia

A central question in optimization is to maximize (or minimize) a linear function over a given polytope P. To solve such a problem in practice one needs a concise description of the polytope P. In this paper we are interested in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-31 Hamza Fawzi , James Saunderson , Pablo A. Parrilo

Sum of squares (SOS) optimization is a powerful technique for solving problems where the positivity of a polynomials must be enforced. The common approach to solve an SOS problem is by relaxation to a Semidefinite Program (SDP). The main…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Daniel Keren , Margarita Osadchy , Roi Poranne

We study sum of squares (SOS) relaxations to optimize polynomial functions over a set $V\cap R^n$, where $V$ is a complex algebraic variety. We propose a new methodology that, rather than relying on some algebraic description, represents…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-11-21 Diego Cifuentes , Pablo A. Parrilo

We introduce two families of sum-of-squares (SOS) decompositions for the Bell operators associated with the tilted CHSH expressions introduced in Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 100402 (2012). These SOS decompositions provide tight upper bounds on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Cédric Bamps , Stefano Pironio

A spin-$j$ state can be represented by a symmetric tensor of order $N=2j$ and dimension $4$. Here, $j$ can be a positive integer, which corresponds to a boson; $j$ can also be a positive half-integer, which corresponds to a fermion. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 Liqun Qi , Guofeng Zhang , Daniel Braun , Fabian Bohnet-Waldraff , Olivier Giraud

In this work, we establish a representation theorem for multivariable totally symmetric functions: a multisymmetric continuous function must be the composition of a continuous function and a set of generators of the multisymmetric…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-12-25 Chongyao Chen , Ziang Chen , Jianfeng Lu

Semidefinite and sum-of-squares (SOS) optimization are fundamental computational tools in many areas, including linear and nonlinear systems theory. However, the scale of problems that can be addressed reliably and efficiently is still…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-17 Yang Zheng , Aivar Sootla , Antonis Papachristodoulou

In 1995, Reznick showed an important variant of the obvious fact that any positive semidefinite (real) quadratic form is a sum of squares of linear forms: If a form (of arbitrary even degree) is positive definite then it becomes a sum of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-10-20 Markus Schweighofer , Luis Felipe Vargas