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DeepSeek-R1 has shown that long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning can naturally emerge through a simple reinforcement learning (RL) framework with rule-based rewards, where the training may directly start from the base models-a paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Weihao Zeng , Yuzhen Huang , Qian Liu , Wei Liu , Keqing He , Zejun Ma , Junxian He

Instruction following is a fundamental capability of large language models (LLMs), yet continuously improving this capability remains challenging. Existing methods typically rely either on costly external supervision from humans or strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Qingyu Ren , Qianyu He , Jiajie Zhu , Xingzhou Chen , Jingwen Chang , Zeye Sun , Han Xia , Fei Yu , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) scales the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) but remains bottlenecked by limited labeled samples for continued data scaling. Reinforcement learning with intrinsic rewards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chuyi Tan , Peiwen Yuan , Xinglin Wang , Yiwei Li , Shaoxiong Feng , Yueqi Zhang , Jiayi Shi , Ji Zhang , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

As AI systems begin to automate complex tasks, supervision increasingly relies on weaker models or limited human oversight that cannot fully verify output quality. A model more capable than its supervisors could exploit this gap through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Emil Ryd , Henning Bartsch , Julian Stastny , Joe Benton , Vivek Hebbar

Intelligent instruction-following robots capable of improving from autonomously collected experience have the potential to transform robot learning: instead of collecting costly teleoperated demonstration data, large-scale deployment of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Zhiyuan Zhou , Pranav Atreya , Abraham Lee , Homer Walke , Oier Mees , Sergey Levine

Imitation learning has been a trend recently, yet training a generalist agent across multiple tasks still requires large-scale expert demonstrations, which are costly and labor-intensive to collect. To address the challenge of limited…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yifan Ye , Jun Cen , Jing Chen , Zhihe Lu

Self-play reinforcement learning trains language models on their own generated tasks, co-evolving a proposer and solver without human labels. Recent systems report strong reasoning gains, but collapse and instability are widely observed and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sophia Xiao Pu , Zhaotian Weng , Chengzhi Liu , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , William Yang Wang , Xin Eric Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with problems that require multi-step reasoning. For small-scale open-source models, Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) fails when correct solutions are rarely sampled even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yihe Deng , I-Hung Hsu , Jun Yan , Zifeng Wang , Rujun Han , Gufeng Zhang , Yanfei Chen , Wei Wang , Tomas Pfister , Chen-Yu Lee

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms face significant challenges when dealing with long-horizon robot manipulation tasks in real-world environments due to sample inefficiency and safety issues. To overcome these challenges, we propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Ayano Hiranaka , Minjune Hwang , Sharon Lee , Chen Wang , Li Fei-Fei , Jiajun Wu , Ruohan Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly surpassing human knowledge in many domains. While improving these models traditionally relies on costly human data, recent self-rewarding mechanisms (Yuan et al., 2024) have shown that LLMs can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Tianhao Wu , Weizhe Yuan , Olga Golovneva , Jing Xu , Yuandong Tian , Jiantao Jiao , Jason Weston , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

Recent advances in reinforcement learning have shown that language models can develop sophisticated reasoning through training on tasks with verifiable rewards, but these approaches depend on human-curated problem-answer pairs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Bo Liu , Leon Guertler , Simon Yu , Zichen Liu , Penghui Qi , Daniel Balcells , Mickel Liu , Cheston Tan , Weiyan Shi , Min Lin , Wee Sun Lee , Natasha Jaques

Self-evolution, the ability of agents to autonomously improve their reasoning and behavior, is essential for the embodied domain with long-horizon, real-world tasks. Despite current advancements in reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) showing…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven effective for training large language models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks, such as mathematical problem solving. A prerequisite for the scalability of RLVR is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Xiao Liang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Yeyun Gong , Yang Wang , Hengyuan Zhang , Yelong Shen , Ying Nian Wu , Weizhu Chen

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become an increasingly popular paradigm for training large language models (LLMs) and diffusion models. While existing RLHF training systems have enabled significant progress, they often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Junyu Wu , Weiming Chang , Xiaotao Liu , Guanyou He , Haoqiang Hong , Boqi Liu , Hongtao Tian , Tao Yang , Yunsheng Shi , Feng Lin , Ting Yao

In statistical modelling the biggest threat is concept drift which makes the model gradually showing deteriorating performance over time. There are state of the art methodologies to detect the impact of concept drift, however general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Kumarjit Pathak , Jitin Kapila

While the ``deep reasoning'' paradigm has spurred significant advances in verifiable domains like mathematics, its application to open-ended, creative generation remains a critical challenge. The two dominant methods for instilling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Haozhe Wang , Haoran Que , Qixin Xu , Minghao Liu , Wangchunshu Zhou , Jiazhan Feng , Wanjun Zhong , Wei Ye , Tong Yang , Wenhao Huang , Ge Zhang , Fangzhen Lin

Unsupervised reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling self-improvement in large language models (LLMs). However, existing unsupervised RL-based methods often lack the capacity to adapt to the model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yiming Huang , Zhenbo Shi , Xin-Cheng Wen , Jichuan Zeng , Cuiyun Gao , Peiyi Han , Chuanyi Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machine learning technique that has been successfully applied to a wide variety of problems. However, it can be unpredictable and produce suboptimal results in complicated learning environments.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Brian Mintz , Feng Fu

Inspired by the success of DeepSeek-R1, we explore the potential of rule-based reinforcement learning (RL) in large reasoning models. To analyze reasoning dynamics, we use synthetic logic puzzles as training data due to their controllable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Tian Xie , Zitian Gao , Qingnan Ren , Haoming Luo , Yuqian Hong , Bryan Dai , Joey Zhou , Kai Qiu , Zhirong Wu , Chong Luo

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), significantly enhancing their reasoning abilities in domains such as mathematics and code generation. A crucial factor influencing RL fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Xiaoyin Chen , Jiarui Lu , Minsu Kim , Dinghuai Zhang , Jian Tang , Alexandre Piché , Nicolas Gontier , Yoshua Bengio , Ehsan Kamalloo
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