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We develop an algorithmic framework for solving convex optimization problems using no-regret game dynamics. By converting the problem of minimizing a convex function into an auxiliary problem of solving a min-max game in a sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jun-Kun Wang , Jacob Abernethy , Kfir Y. Levy

Convex Markov Games (cMGs) were recently introduced as a broad class of multi-agent learning problems that generalize Markov games to settings where strategic agents optimize general utilities beyond additive rewards. While cMGs expand the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Anas Barakat , Ioannis Panageas , Antonios Varvitsiotis

We study the problem of finding the Nash equilibrium in a two-player zero-sum Markov game. Due to its formulation as a minimax optimization program, a natural approach to solve the problem is to perform gradient descent/ascent with respect…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-13 Sihan Zeng , Thinh T. Doan , Justin Romberg

Zero-sum stochastic games are easy to solve as they can be cast as simple Markov decision processes. This is however not the case with general-sum stochastic games. A fairly general optimization problem formulation is available for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-02 H. L. Prasad , Shalabh Bhatnagar

We present a new family of min-max optimization algorithms that automatically exploit the geometry of the gradient data observed at earlier iterations to perform more informative extra-gradient steps in later ones. Thanks to this adaptation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-20 Kimon Antonakopoulos , E. Veronica Belmega , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

The equivalence between von Neumann's Minimax Theorem for zero-sum games and the LP Duality Theorem connects cornerstone problems of the two fields of game theory and optimization, respectively, and has been the subject of intense scrutiny…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ilan Adler , Martin Bullinger , Vijay V. Vazirani

This paper considers minimax optimization $\min_x \max_y f(x, y)$ in the challenging setting where $f$ can be both nonconvex in $x$ and nonconcave in $y$. Though such optimization problems arise in many machine learning paradigms including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Tanner Fiez , Chi Jin , Praneeth Netrapalli , Lillian J. Ratliff

This paper considers a class of strategic scenarios in which two networks of agents have opposing objectives with regards to the optimization of a common objective function. In the resulting zero-sum game, individual agents collaborate with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-12-24 Bahman Gharesifard , Jorge Cortes

Min-max saddle point games have recently been intensely studied, due to their wide range of applications, including training Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). However, most of the recent efforts for solving them are limited to special…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Babak Barazandeh , Tianjian Huang , George Michailidis

To facilitate effective, safe deployment in the real world, individual robots must reason about interactions with other agents, which often occur without explicit communication. Recent work has identified game theory, particularly the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Avishav Engle , Andrey Zhitnikov , Oren Salzman , Omer Ben-Porat , Kiril Solovey

The goal of agents in multi-agent environments is to maximize total reward against the opposing agents that are encountered. Following a game-theoretic solution concept, such as Nash equilibrium, may obtain a strong performance in some…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Sam Ganzfried

When equipped with efficient optimization algorithms, the over-parameterized neural networks have demonstrated high level of performance even though the loss function is non-convex and non-smooth. While many works have been focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Zhiqi Bu , Shiyun Xu , Kan Chen

Bilevel optimization problems involve two nested objectives, where an upper-level objective depends on a solution to a lower-level problem. When the latter is non-convex, multiple critical points may be present, leading to an ambiguous…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Michael Arbel , Julien Mairal

We provide a distributed algorithm to learn a Nash equilibrium in a class of non-cooperative games with strongly monotone mappings and unconstrained action sets. Each player has access to her own smooth local cost function and can…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-17 Tatiana Tatarenko , Angelia Nedich

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown great success in many machine learning tasks. Their training is challenging since the loss surface of the network architecture is generally non-convex, or even non-smooth. How and under what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Lam M. Nguyen , Trang H. Tran , Marten van Dijk

Zero-sum games arise in a wide variety of problems, including robust optimization and adversarial learning. However, algorithms deployed for finding a local Nash equilibrium in these games often converge to non-Nash stationary points. This…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kushagra Gupta , Xinjie Liu , Ross Allen , Ufuk Topcu , David Fridovich-Keil

In order to find Nash-equilibria for two-player zero-sum games where each player plays combinatorial objects like spanning trees, matchings etc, we consider two online learning algorithms: the online mirror descent (OMD) algorithm and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Swati Gupta , Michel Goemans , Patrick Jaillet

The use of min-max optimization in adversarial training of deep neural network classifiers and training of generative adversarial networks has motivated the study of nonconvex-nonconcave optimization objectives, which frequently arise in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Jelena Diakonikolas , Constantinos Daskalakis , Michael I. Jordan

Modern matrix completion problems often involve heterogeneous data whose rows simultaneously belong to many meta-categories, such as demographic and age groups in recommendation systems, or region and recording session labels in neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-21 Hamza Golubovic , Matthew Shen , Genevera I. Allen , Tarek M. Zikry

We propose a framework for two-player infinite-dimensional games with cooperative or competitive structure. These games take the form of coupled partial differential equations in which players optimize over a space of measures, driven by…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-02-11 Lauren Conger , Franca Hoffmann , Eric Mazumdar , Lillian J. Ratliff