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Traditional knowledge graph (KG) completion models learn embeddings to predict missing facts. Recent works attempt to complete KGs in a text-generation manner with large language models (LLMs). However, they need to ground the output of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Yang Liu , Xiaobin Tian , Zequn Sun , Wei Hu

Foundation models (FMs) have exhibited remarkable performance across a wide range of downstream tasks in many domains. Nevertheless, general-purpose FMs often face challenges when confronted with domain-specific problems, due to their…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yizhen Luo , Jiahuan Zhang , Siqi Fan , Kai Yang , Yushuai Wu , Mu Qiao , Zaiqing Nie

The adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to specialized reasoning tasks is fundamentally constrained by computational resources. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a powerful solution, yet the landscape of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Brennen Hill

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in transforming clinical applications. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of four techniques in adapting LLMs for clinical use-cases: continuous pretraining,…

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is an effective method for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) on downstream tasks. However, variability in training data can hinder a model's ability to generalize across domains. This paper studies the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Davood Rafiei , Morgan Lindsay Heisler , Weiwei Zhang , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Yong Zhang

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the capabilities of artificial intelligence across various domains. However, their massive scale and high computational costs render them unsuitable for direct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Miao Rang , Zhenni Bi , Hang Zhou , Hanting Chen , An Xiao , Tianyu Guo , Kai Han , Xinghao Chen , Yunhe Wang

Advanced reasoning in LLMs on challenging domains like mathematical reasoning can be tackled using verifiable rewards based reinforced fine-tuning (ReFT). In standard ReFT frameworks, a behavior model generates multiple completions with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Maxime Heuillet , Yufei Cui , Boxing Chen , Audrey Durand , Prasanna Parthasarathi

The surge in Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, but fine-tuning them for specific tasks often encounters challenges in balancing performance and preserving general instruction-following abilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Zhaorui Yang , Tianyu Pang , Haozhe Feng , Han Wang , Wei Chen , Minfeng Zhu , Qian Liu

Fine-tuning the bias terms of large language models (LLMs) has the potential to achieve unprecedented parameter efficiency while maintaining competitive performance, particularly in low-data regimes. However, the link between fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Baichuan Huang , Ananth Balashankar , Amir Aminifar

Despite the massive success of fine-tuning Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs), they remain susceptible to out-of-distribution input. Dataset cartography is a simple yet effective dual-model approach that improves the robustness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Yupei Du , Albert Gatt , Dong Nguyen

General-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) are frequently fine-tuned through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to enhance performance in specific domains. Better results can be achieved by distilling the chain-of-thought of a larger model at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Andrey Goncharov , Daniil Vyazhev , Petr Sychev , Edvard Khalafyan , Alexey Zaytsev

Large language model fine-tuning techniques typically depend on extensive labeled data, external guidance, and feedback, such as human alignment, scalar rewards, and demonstration. However, in practical application, the scarcity of specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jia Liu , Yue Wang , Zhiqi Lin , Min Chen , Yixue Hao , Long Hu

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a common approach to improve the domain-specific question-answering (QA) performance of large language models (LLMs). However, recent literature reveals that due to the conflicts between LLMs' internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Xiantao Cai , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Clinical Question-Answering (CQA) industry systems are increasingly rely on Large Language Models (LLMs), yet their deployment is often guided by the assumption that domain-specific fine-tuning is essential. Although specialised medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sushant Kumar Ray , Gautam Siddharth Kashyap , Sahil Tripathi , Nipun Joshi , Vijay Govindarajan , Rafiq Ali , Jiechao Gao , Usman Naseem

In this paper we introduce RE-tune, a novel approach for fine-tuning pre-trained Multimodal Biomedical Vision-Language models (VLMs) in Incremental Learning scenarios for multi-label chest disease diagnosis. RE-tune freezes the backbones…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Marco Mistretta , Andrew D. Bagdanov

In this study, we investigate the potential of Large Language Models to complement biomedical knowledge graphs in the training of semantic models for the biomedical and clinical domains. Drawing on the wealth of the UMLS knowledge graph and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 François Remy , Kris Demuynck , Thomas Demeester

Cross-entropy (CE) training provides dense and scalable supervision for language models, but it optimizes next-token prediction under teacher forcing rather than sequence-level behavior under model rollouts. We introduce a feature-matching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Samy Jelassi , Mujin Kwun , Rosie Zhao , Yuanzhi Li , Nicolo Fusi , Yilun Du , Sham M. Kakade , Carles Domingo-Enrich

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) typically involves either full fine-tuning, which updates all model parameters, or Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), which adjusts a small subset of parameters. However, both approaches have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shaocong Ma , Peiran Yu , Heng Huang

Long context understanding remains challenging for large language models due to their limited context windows. This paper introduces Long Input Fine-Tuning (LIFT), a novel framework for long-context modeling that can enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yansheng Mao , Yufei Xu , Jiaqi Li , Fanxu Meng , Haotong Yang , Zilong Zheng , Xiyuan Wang , Muhan Zhang

Finetuning language models (LMs) is crucial for adapting the models to downstream data and tasks. However, full finetuning is usually costly. Existing work, such as parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT), often focuses on \textit{how to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang