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The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has unveiled unexpectedly massive galaxy candidates at high redshifts, challenging standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological predictions. In this work, we study the predictions of more realistic dark matter…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-17 Saeed Fakhry , Reyhaneh Vojoudi Salmani , Javad T. Firouzjaee

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has unveiled a population of unexpectedly massive and luminous galaxies at redshifts $z \gtrsim 7$, posing a significant challenge to the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological paradigm. In this work, we…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-17 Saeed Fakhry , Maryam Shiravand , Antonino Del Popolo

Early observations with JWST have led to the discovery of an unexpected large density (stellar mass density $\rho_*\approx 10^{6}\,M_{\odot}\,Mpc^{-3}$) of massive galaxies (stellar masses $M_*\geq 10^{10.5}M_{\odot}$) at extremely high…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-26 N. Menci , M. Castellano , P. Santini , E. Merlin , A. Fontana , F. Shankar

JWST observations have revealed an overabundance of bright galaxies at $z \geq 9$, creating apparent tensions with theoretical predictions within standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. We address this challenge using a semi-empirical approach…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-13 Abhijnan Kar , Shadab Alam , Joseph Silk

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) discovered several luminous high-redshift galaxy candidates with stellar masses of $M_{*} \gtrsim 10^{9} \, \rm{M_{\odot}}$ at photometric redshifts $z_{\mathrm{phot}} \gtrsim 10$ which allows to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-30 Moritz Haslbauer , Pavel Kroupa , Akram Hasani Zonoozi , Hosein Haghi

Early observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed an overabundance of massive high-redshift galaxies, raising the question of whether this points to new physics beyond $\Lambda$CDM, or an enhanced formation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-07 Leonardo Comini , Sunny Vagnozzi , Abraham Loeb

Early photometric results from JWST have revealed a number of galaxy candidates above redshift 10. The initial estimates of inferred stellar masses and the associated cosmic star formation rates are above most theoretical model predictions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-04 Corey Brummel-Smith , Danielle Skinner , Snigdaa S. Sethuram , John H. Wise , Bin Xia , Khushi Taori

The presence of massive galaxies at high $z$ as recently observed by JWST appears to contradict the current $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. Here we aim to alleviate this tension by incorporating uncertainties from three sources in counting…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-08 Yangyao Chen , H. J. Mo , Kai Wang

Early observations with JWST indicate an over-abundance of bright galaxies at redshifts $z \gtrsim 10$ relative to Hubble-calibrated model predictions. More puzzling still is the apparent lack of evolution in the abundance of such objects…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-12-21 Jordan Mirocha , Steven R. Furlanetto

The distribution of dark matter halo masses can be accurately predicted in the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. The presence of a single massive halo or galaxy at a particular redshift, assuming some baryon and stellar fraction for the latter, can…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-30 Christopher C. Lovell , Ian Harrison , Yuichi Harikane , Sandro Tacchella , Stephen M. Wilkins

Early data from JWST have revealed a bevy of high-redshift galaxy candidates with unexpectedly high stellar masses. An immediate concern is the consistency of these candidates with galaxy formation in the standard cosmological model. In the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-22 Michael Boylan-Kolchin

JWST's discovery of unexpectedly bright $z>10$ galaxies has triggered claims that standard $\Lambda$CDM cannot reproduce their abundances, while estimates of the ionizing escape fraction $f_{\rm esc}$ at $z>6$ have spanned a factor of four…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-06 Zihan Wang , Huanyuan Shan

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will revolutionise our understanding of early galaxy formation, and could potentially set stringent constraints on the nature of dark matter. We use a semi-empirical model of galaxy formation to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-08-11 Diana Khimey , Sownak Bose , Sandro Tacchella

The overabundance of the red and massive candidate galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) implies efficient structure formation or large star formation efficiency at high redshift $z\sim 10$. In the scenario of a low or…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-06 Jianqi Liu , Zhiqi Huang , Yan Su

Deep space observations of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed that the structure and masses of very early Universe galaxies at high redshifts (z~15), existing at ~0.3 Gyr after the BigBang, maybe as evolved as the galaxies…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-26 Rajendra Gupta

The recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations reported the unexpectedly large abundance of massive galaxies with stellar masses of $\sim 10^{10}~M_{\odot}$ at high redshifts $z \simeq 6.5 - 9$ compared with the prediction of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-22 Mikage U. Kobayashi , Gen Chiaki , Kazutaka Kimura , Kazuyuki Akitsu , Kazunori Kohri , Tomo Takahashi , Kazuyuki Omukai

The James Webb Space Telescope has discovered high luminosity galaxies that appear to be "too many" and "too massive" compared to predictions of the Standard LCDM cosmology, suggesting that star formation in the early universe is more rapid…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-30 Joshua J. Ziegler , Katherine Freese , Jonathan Lozano , Gabriele Montefalcone

The very first light captured by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) revealed a population of galaxies at very high redshifts more massive than expected in the canonical $\Lambda$CDM model of structure formation. Barring, among others, a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-24 Matteo Forconi , William Giarè , Olga Mena , Ruchika , Eleonora Di Valentino , Alessandro Melchiorri , Rafael C. Nunes

JWST high redshift galaxy observations predict a higher star formation efficiency than the standard cosmology does, which poses a new tension to $\Lambda$CDM. We find that the situation is worse than expected. The true situation is that the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-04 Deng Wang , Yizhou Liu

The James Webb Space Telescope continues to push back the redshift frontier to ever earlier cosmic epochs, with recent announcements of galaxy candidates at redshifts of $15 \lesssim z \lesssim 30$. We leverage the recent GUREFT suite of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-29 L. Y. Aaron Yung , Rachel S. Somerville , Kartheik G. Iyer
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