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In this work, we explore a new Spiking Neural Network (SNN) formulation with Resonate-and-Fire (RAF) neurons (Izhikevich, 2001) trained with gradient descent via back-propagation. The RAF-SNN, while more biologically plausible, achieves…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Badr AlKhamissi , Muhammad ElNokrashy , David Bernal-Casas

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) present a promising computing paradigm for neuromorphic processing of event-based sensor data. The resonate-and-fire (RF) neuron, in particular, appeals through its biological plausibility, complex dynamics,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Thomas E. Huber , Jules Lecomte , Borislav Polovnikov , Axel von Arnim

Neuromorphic computing seeks to replicate the spiking dynamics of biological neurons for brain-inspired computation. While electronic implementations of artificial spiking neurons have dominated to date, photonic approaches are attracting…

Analog computing at the edge is an emerging strategy to limit data storage and transmission requirements, as well as energy consumption, and its practical implementation is in its initial stages of development. Translating properties of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Giuseppe Leo , Paolo Gibertini , Irem Ilter , Erika Covi , Ole Richter , Elisabetta Chicca

In the brain, the membrane potential of many neurons oscillates in a subthreshold damped fashion and fire when excited by an input frequency that nearly equals their eigen frequency. In this work, we investigate theoretically the artificial…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-10-17 Md. Ali Azam , Dhritiman Bhattacharya , Damien Querlioz , Jayasimha Atulasimha

Neuromorphic computing offers an energy-efficient alternative to conventional deep learning accelerators for real-time time-series processing. However, many edge applications, such as wireless sensing and audio recognition, generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Dengyu Wu , Jiechen Chen , H. Vincent Poor , Bipin Rajendran , Osvaldo Simeone

The resonate-and-fire (RF) neuron, introduced over two decades ago, is a simple, efficient, yet biologically plausible spiking neuron model, which can extract frequency patterns within the time domain due to its resonating membrane…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Saya Higuchi , Sebastian Kairat , Sander M. Bohte , Sebastian Otte

The explosive growth in sequence length has intensified the demand for effective and efficient long sequence modeling. Benefiting from intrinsic oscillatory membrane dynamics, Resonate-and-Fire (RF) neurons can efficiently extract frequency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Dehao Zhang , Malu Zhang , Shuai Wang , Jingya Wang , Wenjie Wei , Zeyu Ma , Guoqing Wang , Yang Yang , Haizhou Li

Resonate-and-Fire (RF) neurons are an interesting complementary model for integrator neurons in spiking neural networks (SNNs). Due to their resonating membrane dynamics they can extract frequency patterns within the time domain. While…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Saya Higuchi , Sander M. Bohte , Sebastian Otte

Recently, there is growing demand for effective and efficient long sequence modeling, with State Space Models (SSMs) proving to be effective for long sequence tasks. To further reduce energy consumption, SSMs can be adapted to Spiking…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yulong Huang , Zunchang Liu , Changchun Feng , Xiaopeng Lin , Hongwei Ren , Haotian Fu , Yue Zhou , Hong Xing , Bojun Cheng

The computational complexity of deep learning algorithms has given rise to significant speed and memory challenges for the execution hardware. In energy-limited portable devices, highly efficient processing platforms are indispensable for…

The spiking neural network (SNN) using leaky-integrated-and-fire (LIF) neurons has been commonly used in automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks. However, the LIF neuron is still relatively simple compared to that in the biological brain.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Minglun Han , Qingyu Wang , Tielin Zhang , Yi Wang , Duzhen Zhang , Bo Xu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) based on Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF) model have been applied to energy-efficient temporal and spatiotemporal processing tasks. Thanks to the bio-plausible neuronal dynamics and simplicity, LIF-SNN benefits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Zhenzhi Wu , Hehui Zhang , Yihan Lin , Guoqi Li , Meng Wang , Ye Tang

This paper introduces an analog spiking neuron that utilizes time-domain information, i.e., a time interval of two signal transitions and a pulse width, to construct a spiking neural network (SNN) for a hardware-friendly physical reservoir…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Nanako Kimura , Ckristian Duran , Zolboo Byambadorj , Ryosho Nakane , Tetsuya Iizuka

In this work, we examine fundamental elements of spiking neural networks (SNNs) as well as how to tune them. Concretely, we focus on two different foundational neuronal units utilized in SNNs -- the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) and the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-11 William Gebhardt , Alexander G. Ororbia , Nathan McDonald , Clare Thiem , Jack Lombardi

At present, implementation of learning mechanisms in spiking neural networks (SNN) cannot be considered as a solved scientific problem despite plenty of SNN learning algorithms proposed. It is also true for SNN implementation of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Mikhail Kiselev

Spiking neural networks (SNN) provide a new computational paradigm capable of highly parallelized, real-time processing. Photonic devices are ideal for the design of high-bandwidth, parallel architectures matching the SNN computational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Luis El Srouji , Yun-Jhu Lee , Mehmet Berkay On , Li Zhang , S. J. Ben Yoo

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) with leaky integrate and fire (LIF) neurons, can be operated in an event-driven manner and have internal states to retain information over time, providing opportunities for energy-efficient neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Wachirawit Ponghiran , Kaushik Roy

Nanoscale resistive memories are expected to fuel dense integration of electronic synapses for large-scale neuromorphic system. To realize such a brain-inspired computing chip, a compact CMOS spiking neuron that performs in-situ learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-11-25 Xinyu Wu , Vishal Saxena , Kehan Zhu , Sakkarapani Balagopal

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently attracted significant research interest as the third generation of artificial neural networks that can enable low-power event-driven data analytics. The best performing SNNs for image recognition…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Bing Han , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan , Kaushik Roy
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