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We develop an online learning algorithm for identifying unlabeled data points that are most informative for training (i.e., active learning). By formulating the active learning problem as the prediction with sleeping experts problem, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Cenk Baykal , Lucas Liebenwein , Dan Feldman , Daniela Rus

No-regret learning dynamics play a central role in game theory, enabling decentralized convergence to equilibrium for concepts such as Coarse Correlated Equilibrium (CCE) or Correlated Equilibrium (CE). In this work, we improve the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Asrin Efe Yorulmaz , Tamer Başar

We study last-iterate convergence properties of algorithms for solving two-player zero-sum games based on Regret Matching$^+$ (RM$^+$). Despite their widespread use for solving real games, virtually nothing is known about their last-iterate…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yang Cai , Gabriele Farina , Julien Grand-Clément , Christian Kroer , Chung-Wei Lee , Haipeng Luo , Weiqiang Zheng

Dominance is a fundamental concept in game theory. In normal-form games dominated strategies can be identified in polynomial time. As a consequence, iterative removal of dominated strategies can be performed efficiently as a preprocessing…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Sam Ganzfried

We consider online learning in multi-player smooth monotone games. Existing algorithms have limitations such as (1) being only applicable to strongly monotone games; (2) lacking the no-regret guarantee; (3) having only asymptotic or slow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yang Cai , Weiqiang Zheng

AlphaZero-style reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have achieved superhuman performance in many complex board games such as Chess, Shogi, and Go. However, we showcase that these algorithms encounter significant and fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Bei Zhou , Søren Riis

Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium (PBE) is a refinement of the Nash equilibrium for imperfect-information extensive-form games (EFGs) that enforces consistency between the two components of a solution: agents' strategy profile describing their…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Christine Konicki , Mithun Chakraborty , Michael P. Wellman

Extensive-form games are a common model for multiagent interactions with imperfect information. In two-player zero-sum games, the typical solution concept is a Nash equilibrium over the unconstrained strategy set for each player. In many…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Trevor Davis , Kevin Waugh , Michael Bowling

We formulate and study a class of two-player zero-sum stochastic dynamic games with partial and asymmetric information. Information asymmetry introduces fundamental challenges involving \emph{belief representation} and \emph{theory of mind}…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Yuxiang Guan , Iman Shames , Tyler Summers

In addressing the challenge of exponential scaling with the number of agents we adopt a cluster-based representation to approximately solve asymmetric games of very many players. A cluster groups together agents with a similar "strategic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-18 Sevan G. Ficici , David C. Parkes , Avi Pfeffer

We consider regret minimization in repeated games with non-convex loss functions. Minimizing the standard notion of regret is computationally intractable. Thus, we define a natural notion of regret which permits efficient optimization and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Elad Hazan , Karan Singh , Cyril Zhang

We investigate optimal decision making under imperfect recall, that is, when an agent forgets information it once held before. An example is the absentminded driver game, as well as team games in which the members have limited communication…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Emanuel Tewolde , Brian Hu Zhang , Caspar Oesterheld , Manolis Zampetakis , Tuomas Sandholm , Paul W. Goldberg , Vincent Conitzer

Designing efficient algorithms to find Nash equilibrium (NE) refinements in sequential games is of paramount importance in practice. Indeed, it is well known that the NE has several weaknesses, since it may prescribe to play sub-optimal…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Martino Bernasconi , Alberto Marchesi , Francesco Trovò

Partial monitoring games are repeated games where the learner receives feedback that might be different from adversary's move or even the reward gained by the learner. Recently, a general model of combinatorial partial monitoring (CPM)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Sougata Chaudhuri , Ambuj Tewari

Sparse iterative methods, in particular first-order methods, are known to be among the most effective in solving large-scale two-player zero-sum extensive-form games. The convergence rates of these methods depend heavily on the properties…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-10 Christian Kroer , Kevin Waugh , Fatma Kilinc-Karzan , Tuomas Sandholm

A long line of works characterizes the sample complexity of regret minimization in sequential decision-making by min-max programs. In the corresponding saddle-point game, the min-player optimizes the sampling distribution against an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Johannes Kirschner , Seyed Alireza Bakhtiari , Kushagra Chandak , Volodymyr Tkachuk , Csaba Szepesvári

State-of-the-art efficient model-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms typically act by iteratively solving empirical models, i.e., by performing \emph{full-planning} on Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) built by the gathered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Yonathan Efroni , Nadav Merlis , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Shie Mannor

Non-local games (NLGs) provide a versatile framework for probing quantum correlations and for benchmarking the power of entanglement. In finite dimensions, the standard method for playing several games in parallel requires a tensor product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Sarah Chehade , Andrea Delgado , Elaine Wong

We introduce Cautious Optimism, a framework for substantially faster regularized learning in general games. Cautious Optimism, as a variant of Optimism, adaptively controls the learning pace in a dynamic, non-monotone manner to accelerate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ashkan Soleymani , Georgios Piliouras , Gabriele Farina

Answering complex queries on knowledge graphs is important but particularly challenging because of the data incompleteness. Query embedding methods address this issue by learning-based models and simulating logical reasoning with set…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Zihao Wang , Weizhi Fei , Hang Yin , Yangqiu Song , Ginny Y. Wong , Simon See