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Click through rate (CTR) estimation is a fundamental task in personalized advertising and recommender systems. Recent years have witnessed the success of both the deep learning based model and attention mechanism in various tasks in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Junlin Zhang , Tongwen Huang , Zhiqi Zhang

Predicting click-through rates (CTR) is a fundamental task for Web applications, where a key issue is to devise effective models for feature interactions. Current methodologies predominantly concentrate on modeling feature interactions…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Yushen Li , Jinpeng Wang , Tao Dai , Jieming Zhu , Jun Yuan , Rui Zhang , Shu-Tao Xia

Efficiently scaling industrial Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction has recently attracted significant research attention. Existing approaches typically employ early aggregation of user behaviors to maintain efficiency. However, such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mingyang Liu , Yong Bai , Zhangming Chan , Sishuo Chen , Xiang-Rong Sheng , Han Zhu , Jian Xu , Xinyang Chen

While Transformers excel in language and vision-where inputs are semantically rich and exhibit univariate dependency structures-their architectural complexity leads to diminishing returns in time series forecasting. Time series data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yash Vijay , Harini Subramanyan

Recommender systems are often asked to serve multiple recommendation scenarios or domains. Fine-tuning a pre-trained CTR model from source domains and adapting it to a target domain allows knowledge transferring. However, optimizing all the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Xiangli Yang , Qing Liu , Rong Su , Ruiming Tang , Zhirong Liu , Xiuqiang He

As a critical component for online advertising and marking, click-through rate (CTR) prediction has draw lots of attentions from both industry and academia field. Recently, the deep learning has become the mainstream methodological choice…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Zhishan Zhao , Sen Yang , Guohui Liu , Dawei Feng , Kele Xu

The growing reliance of machine learning models in high-stakes, highly regulated domains such as finance and insurance has created a growing tension between predictive performance, interpretability, and regulatory fairness requirements. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Panyi Dong , Zhiyu Quan

Scaling Transformer-based click-through rate (CTR) models by stacking more parameters brings growing computational and storage overhead, creating a widening gap between scaling ambitions and the stringent industrial deployment constraints.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jiakai Tang , Runfeng Zhang , Weiqiu Wang , Yifei Liu , Chuan Wang , Xu Chen , Yeqiu Yang , Jian Wu , Yuning Jiang , Bo Zheng

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is widely used in academia and industry. Most CTR tasks fall into a feature embedding \& feature interaction paradigm, where the accuracy of CTR prediction is mainly improved by designing practical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Fangye Wang , Hansu Gu , Dongsheng Li , Tun Lu , Peng Zhang , Li Shang , Ning Gu

Transformer-based sequential recommendation (SR) has been booming in recent years, with the self-attention mechanism as its key component. Self-attention has been widely believed to be able to effectively select those informative and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Peilin Zhou , Qichen Ye , Yueqi Xie , Jingqi Gao , Shoujin Wang , Jae Boum Kim , Chenyu You , Sunghun Kim

Adapting to latent confounded shift remains a core challenge in modern AI. This setting is driven by hidden variables that induce spurious correlations between inputs and outputs during training, leading models to rely on non-causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jialin Yu , Yuxiang Zhou , Haoxuan Li , Junchi Yu , Mengyue Yang , Yulan He , Nevin L. Zhang , Philip Torr , Ricardo Silva

Advertising click-through rate (CTR) prediction aims to forecast the probability that a user will click on an advertisement in a given context, thus providing enterprises with decision support for product ranking and ad placement. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Xiaowei Xi , Song Leng , Yuqing Gong , Dalin Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to tasks involving structured inputs such as graphs. Abstract Meaning Representations (AMRs), which encode rich semantics as directed graphs, offer a rigorous testbed for evaluating LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Rafiq Kamel , Filippo Guerranti , Simon Geisler , Stephan Günnemann

Knowledge Tracing (KT) models face a critical ``Performance-Complexity Trap'': capturing complex cognitive dynamics like learning sessions and memory decay typically requires deep hierarchical architectures, which incur prohibitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xiao-li Xia , Hou-biao Li

How do we transfer the relevant knowledge from ever larger foundation models into small, task-specific downstream models that can run at much lower costs? Standard transfer learning using pre-trained weights as the initialization transfers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Shikai Qiu , Boran Han , Danielle C. Maddix , Shuai Zhang , Yuyang Wang , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Transformers have had a profound impact on the field of artificial intelligence, especially on large language models and their variants. However, as was the case with neural networks, their black-box nature limits trust and deployment in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Abhiram Vellore , Niraj K. Jha

CTR models play a vital role in improving user experience and boosting business revenue in many online personalized services. However, current CTR models generally encounter bottlenecks in performance improvement. Inspired by the scaling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Weijiang Lai , Beihong Jin , Jiongyan Zhang , Yiyuan Zheng , Jian Dong , Jia Cheng , Jun Lei , Xingxing Wang

State-of-the-art results in large language models (LLMs) often rely on scale, which becomes computationally expensive. This has sparked a research agenda to reduce these models' parameter counts and computational costs without significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Xiuying Wei , Skander Moalla , Razvan Pascanu , Caglar Gulcehre

With the rise of Transformers as the standard for language processing, and their advancements in computer vision, there has been a corresponding growth in parameter size and amounts of training data. Many have come to believe that because…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Ali Hassani , Steven Walton , Nikhil Shah , Abulikemu Abuduweili , Jiachen Li , Humphrey Shi

We introduce Attention Free Transformer (AFT), an efficient variant of Transformers that eliminates the need for dot product self attention. In an AFT layer, the key and value are first combined with a set of learned position biases, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Shuangfei Zhai , Walter Talbott , Nitish Srivastava , Chen Huang , Hanlin Goh , Ruixiang Zhang , Josh Susskind
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