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Recent developments in multimodal large language models (MLLM) have equipped language models to reason about vision and language jointly. This permits MLLMs to both perceive and answer questions about data visualization across a variety of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zhimin Li , Haichao Miao , Xinyuan Yan , Valerio Pascucci , Matthew Berger , Shusen Liu

Zero Reinforcement Learning (Zero-RL) has proven to be an effective approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by directly applying reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards on pretrained models,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Yuyuan Zeng , Yufei Huang , Can Xu , Qingfeng Sun , Jianfeng Yan , Guanghui Xu , Tao Yang , Fengzong Lian

Vision-language model (VLM) encoders such as CLIP enable strong retrieval and zero-shot classification in a shared image-text embedding space, yet the semantic organization of this space is rarely inspected. We present a post-hoc framework…

Accurate video moment retrieval (VMR) requires universal visual-textual correlations that can handle unknown vocabulary and unseen scenes. However, the learned correlations are likely either biased when derived from a limited amount of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Dezhao Luo , Jiabo Huang , Shaogang Gong , Hailin Jin , Yang Liu

Visual reasoning is central to human cognition, enabling individuals to interpret and abstractly understand their environment. Although recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Jing Bi , Junjia Guo , Susan Liang , Guangyu Sun , Luchuan Song , Yunlong Tang , Jinxi He , Jiarui Wu , Ali Vosoughi , Chen Chen , Chenliang Xu

We propose a visual analytics system to help a user analyze and steer zero-shot learning models. Zero-shot learning has emerged as a viable scenario for categorizing data that consists of no labeled examples, and thus a promising approach…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Saroj Sahoo , Matthew Berger

Although LLMs have achieved remarkable performance, the inherent stochasticity of their reasoning process and varying conclusions present significant challenges. Majority voting or Best-of-N with external verification models has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Dongseok Lee , Jimyung Hong , Dongyoung Kim , Jaehyung Kim

Recent vision-language models (VLMs) achieve strong zero-shot performance via large-scale image-text pretraining and have been widely adopted in medical image analysis. However, existing VLMs remain notably weak at understanding negated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Tae Hun Kim , Hyun Gyu Lee

Zero-shot referring expression comprehension (REC) aims to locate target objects in images given natural language queries without relying on task-specific training data, demanding strong visual understanding capabilities. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yike Wu , Necva Bolucu , Stephen Wan , Dadong Wang , Jiahao Xia , Jian Zhang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) enhances the reasoning of large language models (LLMs), but standard RLVR often depends on human-annotated answers or carefully curated reward specifications. In machine-checkable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Xinjie Chen , Biao Fu , Jing Wu , Guoxin Chen , Xinggao Liu , Dayiheng Liu , Minpeng Liao

Multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) has been a popular format for evaluating and reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) of modern multimodal language models. Its constrained output format allows for simplified, deterministic automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yesheng Liu , Hao Li , Haiyu Xu , Baoqi Pei , Jiahao Wang , Mingxuan Zhao , Jingshu Zheng , Zheqi He , JG Yao , Bowen Qin , Xi Yang , Jiajun Zhang

Visual instruction tuning is crucial for improving vision-language large models (VLLMs). However, many samples can be solved via linguistic patterns or common-sense shortcuts, without genuine cross-modal reasoning, limiting the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Peng Sun , Huawen Shen , Yi Ban , Tianfan Fu , Yanbo Wang , Yuqiang Li

Answering questions about images often requires combining visual understanding with external knowledge. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) provide a natural framework for this setting, but they often struggle to identify the most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Marco Morini , Sara Sarto , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards(RLVR) has demonstrated great potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, its success has thus far been largely confined to the mathematical and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mengyu Zhang , Siyu Ding , Weichong Yin , Yu Sun , Hua Wu

Visual embedding models excel at zero-shot tasks like visual retrieval and classification. However, these models cannot be used for tasks that contain ambiguity or require user instruction. These tasks necessitate an embedding model which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Benjamin Schneider , Florian Kerschbaum , Wenhu Chen

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across diverse downstream tasks, recent studies have shown that they can inherit social biases from the training data and further propagate them into downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Tangzheng Lian , Guanyu Hu , Yijing Ren , Dimitrios Kollias , Oya Celiktutan

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) has demonstrated impressive zero-shot learning abilities for image understanding, yet limited effort has been made to investigate CLIP for zero-shot video recognition. We introduce Open-VCLIP, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Zejia Weng , Xitong Yang , Ang Li , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

It has recently been discovered that using a pre-trained vision-language model (VLM), e.g., CLIP, to align a whole query image with several finer text descriptions generated by a large language model can significantly enhance zero-shot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Jinhao Li , Haopeng Li , Sarah Erfani , Lei Feng , James Bailey , Feng Liu

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown impressive zero- and few-shot performance on real-world visual question answering (VQA) benchmarks, alluding to their capabilities as visual reasoning engines. However, the benchmarks being used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Aishik Nagar , Shantanu Jaiswal , Cheston Tan

Zero-shot recognition aims to accurately recognize objects of unseen classes by using a shared visual-semantic mapping between the image feature space and the semantic embedding space. This mapping is learned on training data of seen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Yanan Li , Donghui Wang , Huanhang Hu , Yuetan Lin , Yueting Zhuang