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As dialogue systems and chatbots increasingly integrate into everyday interactions, the need for efficient and accurate evaluation methods becomes paramount. This study explores the comparative performance of human and AI assessments across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Ike Ebubechukwu , Johane Takeuchi , Antonello Ceravola , Frank Joublin

Generative AI (GenAI) models have become vital across industries, yet current evaluation methods have not adapted to their widespread use. Traditional evaluations often rely on benchmarks and fixed datasets, frequently failing to reflect…

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are deployed as collaborators in human decision-making. Yet, evaluation practices focus primarily on model accuracy rather than whether human-AI teams are prepared to collaborate safely and effectively.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Min Hun Lee

At the heart of improving conversational AI is the open problem of how to evaluate conversations. Issues with automatic metrics are well known (Liu et al., 2016, arXiv:1603.08023), with human evaluations still considered the gold standard.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Eric Michael Smith , Orion Hsu , Rebecca Qian , Stephen Roller , Y-Lan Boureau , Jason Weston

As AI agents surpass human capabilities, scalable oversight -- the problem of effectively supplying human feedback to potentially superhuman AI models -- becomes increasingly critical to ensure alignment. While numerous scalable oversight…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Abhimanyu Pallavi Sudhir , Jackson Kaunismaa , Arjun Panickssery

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in the social sciences to simulate human behavior, based on the assumption that they can generate realistic, human-like text. Yet this assumption remains largely untested. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Nicolò Pagan , Petter Törnberg , Christopher A. Bail , Anikó Hannák , Christopher Barrie

Large Language Models and commercial speech synthesis systems now enable highly realistic AI-generated voice scams (vishing), raising urgent concerns about deception at scale. Yet it remains unclear whether individuals can reliably…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zoha Hayat Bhatti , Bakhtawar Ahtisham , Seemal Tausif , Niklas George , Nida ul Habib Bajwa , Mobin Javed

Conversational agents are systems with a conversational interface that afford interaction in spoken language. These systems are becoming prevalent and are preferred in various contexts and for many users. Despite their increasing success,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Soodeh Atefi , Mohammad Amin Alipour

Automatic Singing Assessment and Singing Information Processing have evolved over the past three decades to support singing pedagogy, performance analysis, and vocal training. While the first approach objectively evaluates a singer's…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Arthur N. dos Santos , Bruno S. Masiero

Online and AI-based symptom checkers are applications that assist medical laypeople in diagnosing their symptoms and determining which course of action to take. When evaluating these tools, previous studies primarily used an approach…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Marvin Kopka , Markus A. Feufel

Comprehensive and accurate evaluation of general-purpose AI systems such as large language models allows for effective mitigation of their risks and deepened understanding of their capabilities. Current evaluation methodology, mostly based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Xiting Wang , Liming Jiang , Jose Hernandez-Orallo , David Stillwell , Luning Sun , Fang Luo , Xing Xie

AI models are increasingly deployed in live clinical environments where they must perform reliably across complex, high-stakes workflows that standard training and validation datasets were never designed to capture. Evaluating these systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Prasanna Desikan , Harshit Rajgarhia , Shivali Dalmia , Ananya Mantravadi

Large Language Model (LLM) agents deployed for real-world tasks face a fundamental dilemma: user requests are underspecified, yet agents must decide whether to act on incomplete information or interrupt users for clarification. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Zheng Hui , Caiqi Zhang , Ivan Vulić , Andreea Bobu , Nigel Collier

The rapid adoption of AI agents across domains has made systematic evaluation crucial for ensuring their usefulness and successful production deployment. Evaluation of AI agents typically involves using a fixed set of benchmarks and…

The pursuit of human-like conversational agents has long been guided by the Turing test. For modern speech-to-speech (S2S) systems, a critical yet unanswered question is whether they can converse like humans. To tackle this, we conduct the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiang Li , Jiabao Gao , Sipei Lin , Xuan Zhou , Chi Zhang , Bo Cheng , Jiale Han , Benyou Wang

While the capabilities and utility of AI systems have advanced, rigorous norms for evaluating these systems have lagged. Grand claims, such as models achieving general reasoning capabilities, are supported with model performance on narrow…

Standardized surveys scale efficiently but sacrifice depth, while conversational interviews improve response quality at the cost of scalability and consistency. This study bridges the gap between these methods by introducing a framework for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Soubhik Barari , Jarret Angbazo , Natalie Wang , Leah M. Christian , Elizabeth Dean , Zoe Slowinski , Brandon Sepulvado

Simulating real personalities with large language models requires grounding generation in authentic personal data. Existing evaluation approaches rely on demographic surveys, personality questionnaires, or short AI-led interviews as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yu Li , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Yada Pruksachatkun , Chien-Sheng Wu

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to make machine learning models transparent and trustworthy, yet most current approaches communicate explanations visually or through text. This paper introduces an information theoretic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mona Rajhans , Vishal Khawarey

The rapid advancement of fake voice generation technology has ignited a race with detection systems, creating an urgent need to secure the audio ecosystem. However, existing benchmarks suffer from a critical limitation: they typically…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Xutao Mao , Ke Li , Cameron Baird , Ezra Xuanru Tao , Dan Lin