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Recent statements about the impressive capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are usually supported by evaluating on open-access benchmarks. Considering the vast size and wide-ranging sources of LLMs' training data, it could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Yihong Dong , Xue Jiang , Huanyu Liu , Zhi Jin , Bin Gu , Mengfei Yang , Ge Li

Data contamination in model evaluation has become increasingly prevalent with the growing popularity of large language models. It allows models to "cheat" via memorisation instead of displaying true capabilities. Therefore, contamination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yucheng Li , Frank Guerin , Chenghua Lin

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly evaluated on challenging benchmarks such as AIME and Math500, where benchmark contamination can make memorized solutions appear as genuine reasoning. Existing detection methods largely rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zirui He , Haiyan Zhao , Yingcong Li , Ali Payani , Mengnan du

Vulnerability identification is crucial for cyber security in the software-related industry. Early identification methods require significant manual efforts in crafting features or annotating vulnerable code. Although the recent pre-trained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Xuxiang Jiang , Yinhao Xiao , Jun Wang , Wei Zhang

Publishing a large language model (LLM) benchmark on the Internet risks contaminating future LLMs: the benchmark may be unintentionally (or intentionally) used to train or select a model. A common mitigation is to keep the benchmark private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Takashi Ishida , Thanawat Lodkaew , Ikko Yamane

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, yet their proficiency in understanding and reasoning over multiple images remains largely unexplored. While existing benchmarks have initiated the evaluation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Anurag Das , Adrian Bulat , Alberto Baldrati , Ioannis Maniadis Metaxas , Bernt Schiele , Georgios Tzimiropoulos , Brais Martinez

The rise of multimodal misinformation on social platforms poses significant challenges for individuals and societies. Its increased credibility and broader impact compared to textual misinformation make detection complex, requiring robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Keyang Xuan , Li Yi , Fan Yang , Ruochen Wu , Yi R. Fung , Heng Ji

In real-world vision-language applications, practitioners increasingly rely on large, pretrained foundation models rather than custom-built solutions, despite limited transparency regarding their training data and processes. While these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mario Koddenbrock , Rudolf Hoffmann , David Brodmann , Erik Rodner

The rapid evolution of social media has provided enhanced communication channels for individuals to create online content, enabling them to express their thoughts and opinions. Multimodal memes, often utilized for playful or humorous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Minh-Hao Van , Xintao Wu

Despite the remarkable multimodal capabilities of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), discrepancies often occur between visual inputs and textual outputs--a phenomenon we term visual hallucination. This critical reliability gap poses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Tao Huang , Zhekun Liu , Rui Wang , Yang Zhang , Liping Jing

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performance, yet their security remains insufficiently understood. Existing adversarial studies focus almost exclusively on the digital setting, leaving physical-world threats largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yingying Zhao , Chengyin Hu , Qike Zhang , Xin Li , Xin Wang , Yiwei Wei , Jiujiang Guo , Jiahuan Long , Tingsong Jiang , Wen Yao

In this paper, we present a comprehensive and systematic analysis of vision-language models (VLMs) for disparate meme classification tasks. We introduced a novel approach that generates a VLM-based understanding of meme images and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Deepesh Gavit , Debajyoti Mazumder , Samiran Das , Jasabanta Patro

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) can be vulnerable to adversarial images that subtly bias their outputs toward plausible yet incorrect responses. We introduce a general, efficient, and training-free defense that combines image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Nadav Kadvil , Malak Fares , Ayellet Tal

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are powerful yet computationally intensive for widespread practical deployments. To address such challenge without costly re-training, post-training acceleration techniques like quantization and token reduction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yizheng Sun , Hao Li , Chang Xu , Hongpeng Zhou , Chenghua Lin , Riza Batista-Navarro , Jingyuan Sun

Adversarial attacks aim to generate malicious inputs that mislead deep models, but beyond causing model failure, they cannot provide certain interpretable information such as ``\textit{What content in inputs make models more likely to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Zihao Pan , Yu Tong , Weibin Wu , Jingyi Wang , Lifeng Chen , Zhe Zhao , Jiajia Wei , Yitong Qiao , Zibin Zheng

As transformer evolves, pre-trained models have advanced at a breakneck pace in recent years. They have dominated the mainstream techniques in natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV). How to adapt pre-training to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Yifan Du , Zikang Liu , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao

Detecting life-threatening language is essential for safeguarding individuals in distress, promoting mental health and well-being, and preventing potential harm and loss of life. This paper presents an effective approach to identifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Janis Dalins

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance across multimodal tasks, yet remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass built-in safety mechanisms to elicit restricted content generation. Existing black-box…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Lei Jiang , Zixun Zhang , Zizhou Wang , Xiaobing Sun , Zhen Li , Liangli Zhen , Xiaohua Xu

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in critical applications has introduced severe reliability and security risks, as LLMs remain vulnerable to notorious threats such as hallucinations, jailbreak attacks, and backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shide Zhou , Kailong Wang , Ling Shi , Haoyu Wang

Detecting toxic content using language models is important but challenging. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in understanding Chinese, recent studies show that simple character substitutions in toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shujian Yang , Shiyao Cui , Chuanrui Hu , Haicheng Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Minlie Huang , Jialiang Lu , Han Qiu