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Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in vision-language tasks but remain vulnerable to visual adversarial perturbations that can induce hallucinations, manipulate responses, or bypass safety mechanisms. Existing methods seek to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Hashmat Shadab Malik , Fahad Shamshad , Muzammal Naseer , Karthik Nandakumar , Fahad Khan , Salman Khan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across a range of natural language processing tasks, but their potential to generate harmful content has raised serious safety concerns. Current toxicity detectors primarily rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Zhiqiang Kou , Junyang Chen , Xin-Qiang Cai , Ming-Kun Xie , Biao Liu , Changwei Wang , Lei Feng , Yuheng Jia , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Xin Geng

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across multimodal tasks such as visual perception and reasoning, leading to good performance on various multimodal evaluation benchmarks. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yue Yang , Shuibai Zhang , Wenqi Shao , Kaipeng Zhang , Yi Bin , Yu Wang , Ping Luo

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used in clinical diagnostics, yet their robustness to adversarial attacks remains largely unexplored, posing serious risks. Existing medical attacks focus on secondary objectives such as model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Akash Ghosh , Subhadip Baidya , Sriparna Saha , Xiuying Chen

This paper highlights the challenge of decomposing conflict detection from conflict resolution in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and presents potential approaches, including using a supervised metric via linear probes and group-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Trang Nguyen , Jackson Michaels , Madalina Fiterau , David Jensen

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance in cross-modal understanding across textual and visual inputs, yet existing benchmarks predominantly focus on pure-text queries. In real-world scenarios, language also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qing'an Liu , Juntong Feng , Yuhao Wang , Xinzhe Han , Yujie Cheng , Yue Zhu , Haiwen Diao , Yunzhi Zhuge , Huchuan Lu

In an era of rapidly evolving internet technology, the surge in multimodal content, including videos, has expanded the horizons of online communication. However, the detection of toxic content in this diverse landscape, particularly in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Krishanu Maity , A. S. Poornash , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Recently, large-scale visual language pre-trained (VLP) models have demonstrated impressive performance across various downstream tasks. Motivated by these advancements, pioneering efforts have emerged in multi-label image recognition with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Leilei Ma , Hongxing Xie , Lei Wang , Yanping Fu , Dengdi Sun , Haifeng Zhao

Large language models are trained on vast amounts of internet data, prompting concerns and speculation that they have memorized public benchmarks. Going from speculation to proof of contamination is challenging, as the pretraining data used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Yonatan Oren , Nicole Meister , Niladri Chatterji , Faisal Ladhak , Tatsunori B. Hashimoto

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable generalization capabilities via prompting, which leverages VLMs as knowledge bases to extract information beneficial for downstream tasks. However, existing methods primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Xiaoyu Qiu , Hao Feng , Yuechen Wang , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

Post-cutoff performance decay of LLMs has been widely interpreted as a temporal signal for benchmark contamination, where public information released before the training cutoff may have been included into training corpora and inflated model…

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4, Claude-3, and Gemini has transformed the field of natural language processing. However, it has also resulted in a significant issue known as Benchmark Data Contamination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Cheng Xu , Shuhao Guan , Derek Greene , M-Tahar Kechadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have strong capabilities in code comprehension, but fine-tuning costs and semantic alignment issues limit their project-specific optimization; conversely, code models such CodeBERT are easy to fine-tune, but it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Ziliang Wang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Yingfei Xiong , Jia Li , Meng Yan , Zhi Jin

Synthetic data has become essential for training foundation models, yet benchmark contamination threatens evaluation integrity. Although existing detection methods identify token-level overlap, they fail to detect semantic-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Sushant Mehta

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly vulnerable to input perturbations, as even a small prompt change may result in a substantially different output. Existing methods to enhance LLM robustness are primarily focused on perturbed data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Aryan Agrawal , Lisa Alazraki , Shahin Honarvar , Marek Rei

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a specific data point was included in the training set of a target model. Although there are have been numerous methods developed for detecting data contamination in large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Anton Emelyanov , Sergei Kudriashov , Alena Fenogenova

Recent explorations with commercial Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown that non-expert users can jailbreak LLMs by simply manipulating their prompts; resulting in degenerate output behavior, privacy and security breaches, offensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Abhinav Rao , Sachin Vashistha , Atharva Naik , Somak Aditya , Monojit Choudhury

Various techniques have been proposed to leverage the capabilities of code language models (CLMs) for SE tasks. While these techniques typically evaluate their effectiveness using publicly available datasets, the evaluation can be subject…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Jialun Cao , Wuqi Zhang , Shing-Chi Cheung

Safety hazard identification and prevention are the key elements of proactive safety management. Previous research has extensively explored the applications of computer vision to automatically identify hazards from image clips collected…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Muhammad Adil , Gaang Lee , Vicente A. Gonzalez , Qipei Mei

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are becoming increasingly popular in the medical domain, bridging the gap between medical images and clinical language. Existing VLMs demonstrate an impressive ability to comprehend medical images and text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Bidur Khanal , Sandesh Pokhrel , Sanjay Bhandari , Ramesh Rana , Nikesh Shrestha , Ram Bahadur Gurung , Cristian Linte , Angus Watson , Yash Raj Shrestha , Binod Bhattarai