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We report second- and third-harmonic generation in monolayer MoS$_\mathrm{2}$ as a tool for imaging and accurately characterizing the material's nonlinear optical properties under 1560 nm excitation. Using a surface nonlinear optics…
Structuring optical materials on a nanometer scale can lead to artificial effective media, or metamaterials, with strongly altered optical behavior. Metamaterials can provide a wide range of linear optical properties such as negative…
Optical resonances in nanostructures enable strong enhancement of nonlinear processes at the nanoscale, such as second-harmonic generation (SHG), with high-$Q$ modes providing intensified light--matter interactions and sharp spectral…
Second-order nonlinearity gives rise to many distinctive physical phenomena, e.g., second-harmonic generation, which plays an important role in fundamental science and various applications. Lithium niobate, one of the most widely used…
Advanced microscopy and/or spectroscopy tools play indispensable role in nanoscience and nanotechnology research, as it provides rich information about the growth mechanism, chemical compositions, crystallography, and other important…
Optical materials with centrosymmetry, such as silicon and germanium, are unfortunately absent of second-order nonlinear optical responses, hindering their developments in efficient nonlinear optical devices. Here, a design with an array of…
We present a method, based on noncollinear second harmonic generation, to evaluate the non-zero elements of the nonlinear optical susceptibility. At a fixed incidence angle, the generated signal is investigated by varying the polarization…
Understanding the mechanisms and spatial correlations of crystallographic symmetry breaking in ferroelectric materials is essential to tuning their functional properties. While optical second harmonic generation (SHG) has long been utilized…
We conduct a theoretical and numerical study on the second-harmonic (SH) optical response of a nano-structured metamaterial composed of a periodic array of inclusions. Both the inclusions and their surrounding matrix are made of…
Using Time Independent Density Functional Theory (TIDFT) it is shown that the 2nd order optical susceptibilities of narrow (1nm-2nm) Silicon Nanowires (SiNW) are enhanced due to surface termination. The value of $\chi^{(2)}$ is enhanced up…
Layered van der Waals (vdW) materials have emerged as a promising platform for nanophotonics due to large refractive indexes and giant optical anisotropy. Unlike conventional dielectrics and semiconductors, the absence of covalent bonds…
The second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) processes, such as the photogalvanic effect and second-order harmonic generation (SHG), play crucial roles in probing and controlling light-matter interactions for energy and device applications. To…
We report the observation of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) in single-layer indium selenide (InSe). We measure a second harmonic signal of $>10^3$ $\textrm{cts/s}$ under nonresonant excitation using a home-built confocal…
Second-order nonlinear optical interactions, including second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG), can reveal a wealth of information about chemical, electronic, and vibrational dynamics at the nanoscale. Here, we…
Harmonic generation mechanisms are of great interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology, since they allow generating visible light by using near-infrared radiation, which is particularly suitable for its endless applications in…
In this article we provide a practical prescription to harness the rigorous microscopic, quantum level descriptions of light-matter systems provided by Hopfield diagonalisation for quantum description of nonlinear scattering. A general…
We describe an approach based on topology optimization that enables automatic discovery of wavelength-scale photonic structures for achieving high-efficiency second-harmonic generation (SHG). A key distinction from previous formulation and…
The emerging field of silicon photonics seeks to unify the high bandwidth of optical communications with CMOS microelectronic circuits. Many components have been demonstrated for on-chip optical communications, including those that utilize…
We experimentally explore the fingerprint of the microscopic electron dynamics in second-order harmonic generation (SHG). It is shown that the interbond electron hopping induces a novel source of nonlinear polarization and plays an…
Optical second harmonic generation is a second-order nonlinear process that combines two photons of a given frequency into a third photon at twice the frequency. Due to the symmetry constraints, it is widely used as a sensitive probe to…