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Two-dimensional (2D) materials with remarkable second-harmonic generation (SHG) hold promise for future on-chip nonlinear optics. Relevant materials with both giant SHG response and environmental stability are long-sought targets. Here, we…

Second order optical nonlinear processes involve the coherent mixing of two electromagnetic waves to generate a new optical frequency, which plays a central role in a variety of applications, such as ultrafast laser systems, rectifiers,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Sanfeng Wu , Li Mao , Aaron M. Jones , Wang Yao , Chuanwei Zhang , Xiaodong Xu

Second harmonic (SH) radiation can only be generated in non-centrosymmetric bulk crystals under the electric-dipole approximation. Nonlinear thin films made from bulk crystals are technologically challenging because of complex and high…

The ability to engineer metamaterials with tunable nonlinear optical properties is crucial for nonlinear optics. Traditionally, metals have been employed to enhance nonlinear optical interactions through field localization. Here, inspired…

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a direct measure of the strength of second-order nonlinear optical effects, which also include frequency mixing and parametric oscillations. Natural and artificial materials with broken…

A comparative experimental investigation of the dependence of second harmonic generation (SHG) on applied external voltage between the standard nematic liquid crystalline material and an analogue ferromagnetic nematic liquid crystalline…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-09-30 Jure Brence , Luka Cmok , Nerea Sebastian , Alenka Mertelj , Darja Lisjak , Irena Drevensek-Olenik

Infrared laser systems are vital for applications in spectroscopy, communications, and biomedical devices, where infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are required for broadband frequency down-conversion. Such crystals need to have high…

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a second-order nonlinear optical process that is not allowed in media with inversion sym-metry. However, due to the broken symmetry at the surface, surface SHG still occurs, but is generally small. We…

Two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductors with both ultrawide bandgap and strong second harmonic generation (SHG) are essential for expanding the nonlinear optical (NLO) applications to deep-ultraviolet (DUV) region in nanoscale.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-11-24 Lei Kang , Xiaomeng Liu , Zheshuai Lin , Bing Huang

We show that the nonlinear optical response reflects sensitively the electronic structure of transition-metal surfaces and interfaces. $d$ and $s$ electrons may contribute rather differently to the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal.…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 W. H"ubner , K. H. Bennemann , K. Böhmer

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with giant nonlinear optical (NLO) responses are essential for the development of advanced on-chip NLO devices. Using first-principles calculations, we predict a remarkable strain-induced enhancement of…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-01-29 Zhefeng Lou , Zhihao Gong , Ziye Zhu , Wenbin Li , Xiao Lin , Hua Wang

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is forbidden from most bulk metals, because metals are characterized by a net zero electric-field in equilibrium. This limit breaks down when reaching nanoscale dimensions, as have been shown for metallic…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-10-25 Racheli Ron , Omer Shavit , Hannah Aharon , Marcin Zielinski , Matan Galanty , Adi Salomon

High-power infrared laser systems with broadband tunability are of great importance due to their wide range of applications in spectroscopy and free-space communications. These systems require nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals for wavelength…

Nonlinear optics, and particularly second harmonic generation (SHG), is increasingly used in many modern disciplines from material characterization in physical sciences to bio-imaging in medicine and optical signal processing in information…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-03-17 G. van der Laan , S. W. Lovesey

Nonlinear processes are at the core of many optical technologies including lasers, information processing, sensing, and security, and require optimised materials suitable for nanoscale integration. Here we demonstrate the emergence of a…

Optics · Physics 2018-01-03 B. Wells , A. Yu. Bykov , G. Marino , M. E. Nasir , A. V. Zayats , V. A. Podolskiy

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a fundamental tool in modern laser technology, enabling coherent frequency conversion to remote optical bands, serving as the basis for self-referenced femtosecond lasers and quadrature-squeezed light…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-10 Nikolai Kuznetsov , Zihan Li , Tobias J. Kippenberg

Using symmetry arguments we show how optical second harmonic generation (SHG) can be used to detect antiferromagnetism at surfaces and in thin films. Based on the group theoretical analysis of the nonlinear electric susceptibility we…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Daehn , W. Huebner , K. H. Bennemann

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit high nonlinear optical (NLO) susceptibilities. Experiments on MoS$_2$ have indeed revealed very large second-order ($\chi^{(2)}$) and third-order ($\chi^{(3)}$) optical…

We theoretically predict efficient optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) from a few hundred nanometer thick slab consisting of a quadratic nonlinear anisotropic medium whose linear principal permittivities are, at the fundamental…

Optics · Physics 2011-03-16 Alessandro Ciattoni

Intense laser-driven nonlinear optical phenomena in two-dimensional (2D) nodal-line semimetals (NLS) exhibit complex mechanisms, particularly in the NbSi$_{x}$Te$_{2}$ material systems characterized by nonsymmorphic symmetry-protected band…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-25 Navdeep Rana , M. S. Mrudul , Amar Bharti , Sucharita Giri , Gopal Dixit