Related papers: Ignorance as an excuse, formally
An agent, or a coalition of agents, faces an ethical dilemma between several statements if she is forced to make a conscious choice between which of these statements will be true. This paper proposes to capture ethical dilemmas as a…
Recent authors have proposed analyzing conditional reasoning through a notion of intervention on a simulation program, and have found a sound and complete axiomatization of the logic of conditionals in this setting. Here we extend this…
Informal logic is a method of argument analysis which is complementary to that of formal logic, providing for the pragmatic treatment of features of argumentation which cannot be reduced to logical form. The central claim of this paper is…
We argue that the notion of epistemic \emph{possible worlds} in constructivism (intuitionism) is not as the same as it is in classic view, and there are possibilities, called non-predetermined worlds, which are ignored in (classic)…
Reasoning about observed effects and their causes is important in multi-agent contexts. While there has been much work on causality from an objective standpoint, causality from the point of view of some particular agent has received much…
In this paper, we introduce $\textit{partial}$ dependency modality $\mathcal{D}$ into epistemic logic so as to reason about $\textit{partial}$ dependency relationship in Kripke models. The resulted dependence epistemic logic possesses…
We explore a fuzzy modal logic that can formalise probabilistic reasoning about actions and knowledge. In particular, we deal with contexts involving statements about events expressed via modal formulas, e.g., "after doing $a$, the…
User queries are often underspecified and may admit multiple valid interpretations. Rather than silently making assumptions about the user's intent, a helpful assistant should surface such ambiguity by asking a clarifying question. Doing so…
Juba recently proposed a formulation of learning abductive reasoning from examples, in which both the relative plausibility of various explanations, as well as which explanations are valid, are learned directly from data. The main…
We are concerned with the problem of introducing credibility type information into reasoning systems. The concept of credibility allows us to discount information provided by agents. An important characteristic of this kind of procedure is…
Standard epistemic logic studies propositional knowledge, yet many other types of knowledge such as "knowing whether", "knowing what", "knowing how" are frequently and widely used in everyday life as well as academic fields. In…
We combine linear temporal logic (with both past and future modalities) with a deontic version of justification logic to provide a framework for reasoning about time and epistemic and normative reasons. In addition to temporal modalities,…
In many situations humans have to reason with inconsistent knowledge. These inconsistencies may occur due to not fully reliable sources of information. In order to reason with inconsistent knowledge, it is not possible to view a set of…
Traditionally, Epistemic Logic represents epistemic scenarios using a single model. This, however, covers only complete descriptions that specify truth values of all assertions. Indeed, many -- and perhaps most -- epistemic descriptions are…
Explainable question answering systems should produce not only accurate answers but also rationales that justify their reasoning and allow humans to check their work. But what sorts of rationales are useful and how can we train systems to…
Public observation logic (POL) reasons about agent expectations and agent observations in various real world situations. The expectations of agents take shape based on certain protocols about the world around and they remove those possible…
Abstract argumentation offers an appealing way of representing and evaluating arguments and counterarguments. This approach can be enhanced by a probability assignment to each argument. There are various interpretations that can be ascribed…
This article argues that the Situation theory and the Channel theory can be used as a general framework for Imperfect Information Management. Different kinds of imperfections are uncertainty, imprecision, vagueness, incompleteness,…
Probability theory as extended logic is completed such that essentially any probability may be determined. This is done by considering propositional logic (as opposed to predicate logic) as syntactically suffcient and imposing a symmetry…
Epistemic logics model how agents reason about their beliefs and the beliefs of other agents. Existing logics typically assume the ability of agents to reason perfectly about propositions of unbounded modal depth. We present DBEL, an…