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As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, the memory footprint of key-value (KV) caches during inference has become a significant bottleneck. Existing approaches primarily focus on compressing KV caches within a single prompt or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xinye Zhao , Spyridon Mastorakis

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with long-context reasoning, not only due to the quadratic scaling of computational complexity with sequence length but also because of the scarcity and expense of annotating long-context data. There…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Linda He , Jue Wang , Maurice Weber , Shang Zhu , Ben Athiwaratkun , Ce Zhang

With the rapid explosion of data volume from mobile networks, edge caching has received significant attentions as an efficient approach to boost content delivery efficiency by bringing contents near users. In this article, cache-enabled…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Congshan Fan , Tiankui Zhang , Yuanwei Liu , Zhiming Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have ignited an innovative surge of AI applications, marking a new era of exciting possibilities equipped with extended context windows. However, hosting these models is cost-prohibitive mainly due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Yilong Chen , Guoxia Wang , Junyuan Shang , Shiyao Cui , Zhenyu Zhang , Tingwen Liu , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Dianhai Yu , Hua Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in large-scale online services, enabling sophisticated applications. However, the computational overhead of generating key-value (KV) caches in the prefill stage presents a major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shuowei Jin , Xueshen Liu , Qingzhao Zhang , Z. Morley Mao

Text embeddings from PLM-based models enable a wide range of applications, yet their performance often degrades on longer texts. In this paper, we introduce a phenomenon we call Length Collapse, where embeddings of longer texts tend to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yuqi Zhou , Sunhao Dai , Zhanshuo Cao , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu

Long-context large language models remain computationally expensive to run and often fail to reliably process very long inputs, which makes context compression an important component of many systems. Existing compression approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yitian Zhou , Chaoning Zhang , Jiaquan Zhang , Zhenzhen Huang , Jinyu Guo , Sung-Ho Bae , Lik-Hang Lee , Caiyan Qin , Yang Yang

As large language models (LLMs) take on complex tasks, their inputs are supplemented with longer contexts that incorporate domain knowledge. Yet using long contexts is challenging, as nothing can be generated until the whole context is…

In large-scale recommender systems, ultra-long user behavior sequences encode rich signals of evolving interests. Extending sequence length generally improves accuracy, but directly modeling such sequences in production is infeasible due to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kaiyuan Li , Yongxiang Tang , Yanhua Cheng , Yong Bai , Yanxiang Zeng , Chao Wang , Xialong Liu , Peng Jiang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have already achieved remarkable results on long-text tasks, but the limited GPU memory (VRAM) resources struggle to accommodate the linearly growing demand for key-value (KV) cache as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Zhi-Hong Deng , Jing Han

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, the demand for higher quality and faster processing of long contexts across various applications is growing. KV cache is widely adopted as it stores previously generated key and value…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Yingxin Li , Ye Li , Yuan Meng , Xinzhu Ma , Zihan Geng , Shutao Xia , Zhi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) can serve as the semantic-matching engine of a content-based publish/subscribe broker for agentic AI across the edge-cloud computing continuum, bridging the vocabulary and modality gaps that defeat keyword and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lauri Lovén , Abhishek Kumar , Alexander Engelhardt , Alaa Saleh , Roberto Morabito , Xiaoli Liu , Naser Hossein Motlagh , Sasu Tarkoma

We explore semantic segmentation beyond the conventional, single-dataset homogeneous training and bring forward the problem of Heterogeneous Training of Semantic Segmentation (HTSS). HTSS involves simultaneous training on multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Panagiotis Meletis , Gijs Dubbelman

Content caching is a widely studied technique aimed to reduce the network load imposed by data transmission during peak time while ensuring users' quality of experience. It has been shown that when there is a common link between caches and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Abdollah Ghaffari Sheshjavani , Ahmad Khonsari , Seyed Pooya Shariatpanahi , Masoumeh Moradian

Emerging intelligent service scenarios in 6G communication impose stringent requirements for low latency, high reliability, and privacy preservation. Generative large language models (LLMs) are gradually becoming key enablers for the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Pengyan Zhu , Tingting Yang

Token representation strategies within large-scale neural architectures often rely on contextually refined embeddings, yet conventional approaches seldom encode structured relationships explicitly within token interactions. Self-attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 James Blades , Frederick Somerfield , William Langley , Susan Everingham , Maurice Witherington

Long-context inference in Large Language Models (LLMs) is bottlenecked by the quadratic computation complexity of attention and the substantial memory footprint of Key-Value (KV) caches. While existing sparse attention mechanisms attempt to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Ai , Qingqing Yang , Peng Wang , Lei Deng , Lin Zhang , Renhai Chen , Gong Zhang

Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) aims to assign texts to structured label hierarchies; however, it faces challenges due to data scarcity and model complexity. This study explores the feasibility of using black box Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Kosuke Yoshimura , Hisashi Kashima

In cloud storage systems with a large number of servers, files are typically not stored in single servers. Instead, they are split, replicated (to ensure reliability in case of server malfunction) and stored in different servers. We analyze…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Avishek Ghosh , Kannan Ramchandran

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across various domains, processing millions of daily requests. This surge in demand poses significant challenges in optimizing throughput and latency while keeping costs manageable. The Key-Value…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Jiale Xu , Rui Zhang , Cong Guo , Weiming Hu , Zihan Liu , Feiyang Wu , Yu Feng , Shixuan Sun , Changxu Shao , Yuhong Guo , Junping Zhao , Ke Zhang , Minyi Guo , Jingwen Leng