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Multimodal reasoning, which integrates language and visual cues into problem solving and decision making, is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and a crucial step toward artificial general intelligence. However, the evaluation of…

The maturation of Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) has raised growing expectations for them to comprehend complex audio much like humans. Current efforts primarily replicate text-based reasoning by contextualizing audio content through a…

Current audio-visual large language models (AV-LLMs) are predominantly restricted to 2D perception, relying on RGB video and monaural audio. This design choice introduces a fundamental dimensionality mismatch that precludes reliable source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zhan Liu , Changli Tang , Yuxin Wang , Zhiyuan Zhu , Youjun Chen , Yiwen Shao , Tianzi Wang , Lei Ke , Zengrui Jin , Chao Zhang

Traditional evaluations of reasoning capabilities of language models are dominated by adult-centric benchmarks that presuppose broad world knowledge, complex instruction following, and mature pragmatic competence. These assumptions are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Kaustubh D. Dhole

Spatial reasoning in large-scale 3D environments such as warehouses remains a significant challenge for vision-language systems due to scene clutter, occlusions, and the need for precise spatial understanding. Existing models often struggle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Tanner Muturi , Blessing Agyei Kyem , Joshua Kofi Asamoah , Neema Jakisa Owor , Richard Dyzinela , Andrews Danyo , Yaw Adu-Gyamfi , Armstrong Aboah

The ability to reason from audio, including speech, environmental sounds, and music, is essential for AI agents to interact effectively in real-world scenarios. Existing benchmarks mainly focus on static or single-scene settings and English…

We introduce MMAR, a new benchmark designed to evaluate the deep reasoning capabilities of Audio-Language Models (ALMs) across massive multi-disciplinary tasks. MMAR comprises 1,000 meticulously curated audio-question-answer triplets,…

Existing evaluation frameworks for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) primarily focus on image reasoning or general video understanding tasks, largely overlooking the significant role of image context in video comprehension. To bridge…

Structured reasoning can improve the inference performance of large language models (LLMs), but it also introduces computational cost and control constraints. When additional reasoning structure helps, and when it instead reduces efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Junyu Guo , Shangding Gu , Ming Jin , Costas Spanos , Javad Lavaei

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) has progressed from traditional single-task methods to large audio language model (LALM) solutions. Yet, most existing speech benchmarks focus on single-speaker or isolated tasks, overlooking the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Shuai Wang , Zhaokai Sun , Zhennan Lin , Chengyou Wang , Zhou Pan , Lei Xie

Spatial understanding over continuous visual input is crucial for MLLMs to evolve into general-purpose assistants in physical environments. Yet there is still no comprehensive benchmark that holistically assesses the progress toward this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jingli Lin , Runsen Xu , Shaohao Zhu , Sihan Yang , Peizhou Cao , Yunlong Ran , Miao Hu , Chenming Zhu , Yiman Xie , Yilin Long , Wenbo Hu , Dahua Lin , Tai Wang , Jiangmiao Pang

In the development of spatial audio technologies, reliable and shared methods for evaluating audio quality are essential. Listening tests are currently the standard but remain costly in terms of time and resources. Several models predicting…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Adrien Llave , Emma Granier , Grégory Pallone

This paper introduces 6G-Bench, an open benchmark for evaluating semantic communication and network-level reasoning in AI-native 6G networks. 6G-Bench defines a taxonomy of 30 decision-making tasks (T1--T30) extracted from ongoing 6G and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Abderrahmane Lakas , Merouane Debbah

Recent advancements in Spatial Intelligence (SI) have predominantly relied on Vision-Language Models (VLMs), yet a critical question remains: does spatial understanding originate from visual encoders or the fundamental reasoning backbone?…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zhongbin Guo , Zhen Yang , Yushan Li , Xinyue Zhang , Wenyu Gao , Jiacheng Wang , Chengzhi Li , Xiangrui Liu , Ping Jian

While existing benchmarks probe the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) across diverse domains, they predominantly assess passive reasoning, providing models with all the information needed to reach a solution. By contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhanke Zhou , Xiao Feng , Zhaocheng Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Sanmi Koyejo , Bo Han

Recent deep sequential recommendation models often struggle to effectively model key characteristics of user behaviors, particularly in handling sequence length variations and capturing diverse interaction patterns. We propose STAR-Rec, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Maolin Wang , Sheng Zhang , Ruocheng Guo , Wanyu Wang , Xuetao Wei , Zitao Liu , Hongzhi Yin , Yi Chang , Xiangyu Zhao

Advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled significant capabilities in audio processing, resulting in state-of-the-art models now known as Large Audio Language Models (LALMs). However, minimal work has been done to measure audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Laya Iyer , Angelina Wang , Sanmi Koyejo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for knowledge synthesis, yet their capacity for compositional generalization in scientific knowledge remains under-characterized. Existing benchmarks primarily focus on single-turn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Gong Zhiren , Tiantong Wu , Jiaming Zhang , Fuyao Zhang , Che Wang , Yurong Hao , Yikun Hou , Foo Ping , Yilei Zhao , Fei Huang , Chau Yuen , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Current Large Language Models have achieved Olympiad-level logic, yet Vision-Language Models paradoxically falter on elementary spatial tasks like block counting. This capability mismatch reveals a critical ``spatial intelligence gap,''…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shaoxiong Zhan , Yanlin Lai , Zheng Liu , Hai Lin , Shen Li , Xiaodong Cai , Zijian Lin , Wen Huang , Hai-Tao Zheng

Recent advances in Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have made real-time, streaming spoken interaction increasingly practical. In this setting, reasoning quality and responsiveness are tightly coupled: delaying reasoning until the speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhiyuan Song , Weici Zhao , Yang Xiao , Suhao Yu , Cheng Zhu , Jiatao Gu
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