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Reasoning and strategic behavior in social interactions is a hallmark of intelligence. This form of reasoning is significantly more sophisticated than isolated planning or reasoning tasks in static settings (e.g., math problem solving). In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jianzhu Yao , Kevin Wang , Ryan Hsieh , Haisu Zhou , Tianqing Zou , Zerui Cheng , Zhangyang Wang , Pramod Viswanath

Spatial reasoning plays a vital role in both human cognition and machine intelligence, prompting new research into language models' (LMs) capabilities in this regard. However, existing benchmarks reveal shortcomings in evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Fangjun Li , David C. Hogg , Anthony G. Cohn

End-to-end speech large language models ((LLMs)) extend the capabilities of text-based models to directly process and generate audio tokens. However, this often leads to a decline in reasoning and generation performance compared to text…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yuanbo Fang , Haoze Sun , Jun Liu , Tao Zhang , Zenan Zhou , Weipeng Chen , Xiaofen Xing , Xiangmin Xu

Joint audio-visual reasoning is essential for omnimodal understanding, yet current multimodal large language models (MLLMs) still struggle when reasoning requires fine-grained evidence from both modalities. A central limitation is that…

Structured tables are essential for conveying high-density information in professional domains such as finance, healthcare, and scientific research. Despite the progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), reasoning performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiaoyu Chen , Lu Dai , Hanqing Wang , Zhuoyu Li , Wenbin Dai , Yanzong Zheng , Zhenggang Xia , Junyong Lin , Hui Xiong

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced in text and vision, but their reasoning on audio remains limited. Most existing methods rely on dense audio embeddings, which are difficult to interpret and often fail on structured reasoning…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Termeh Taheri , Yinghao Ma , Emmanouil Benetos

Humans are born with vision-based 4D spatial-temporal intelligence, which enables us to perceive and reason about the evolution of 3D space over time from purely visual inputs. Despite its importance, this capability remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xingyilang Yin , Chengzhengxu Li , Jiahao Chang , Chi-Man Pun , Xiaodong Cun

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in perception and interpretation tasks, but their capabilities in predictive reasoning remain under-explored. To address this gap, we introduce a novel benchmark that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Mingwei Zhu , Leigang Sha , Yu Shu , Kangjia Zhao , Tiancheng Zhao , Jianwei Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning and tool use. However, the fundamental cognitive faculties essential for problem solving, including perception, reasoning, and memory, remain the stable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaozhe Li , Jixuan Chen , Xinyu Fang , Shengyuan Ding , Haodong Duan , Qingwen Liu , Kai Chen

Discrete audio tokens have recently gained considerable attention for their potential to bridge audio and language processing, enabling multimodal language models that can both generate and understand audio. However, preserving key…

Table retrieval is the task of retrieving the most relevant tables from large-scale corpora given natural language queries. However, structural and semantic discrepancies between unstructured text and structured tables make embedding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Shui-Hsiang Hsu , Tsung-Hsiang Chou , Chen-Jui Yu , Yao-Chung Fan

Paralinguistic cues are essential for natural human-computer interaction, yet their evaluation in Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) remains limited by coarse feature coverage and the inherent subjectivity of assessment. To address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ruohan Liu , Shukang Yin , Tao Wang , Dong Zhang , Weiji Zhuang , Shuhuai Ren , Ran He , Caifeng Shan , Chaoyou Fu

Recent Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated promising abilities in understanding musical content. However, whether their responses are grounded in the correct temporal regions of the audio remains underexplored. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Daeyong Kwon , Qiyu Wu , Shinobu Kuriya , Junghyun Koo , Shuyang Cui , Zhi Zhong , Wei-Hsiang Liao , Hiromi Wakaki , Yuki Mitsufuji

Multimodal retrieval is becoming a crucial component of modern AI applications, yet its evaluation lags behind the demands of more realistic and challenging scenarios. Existing benchmarks primarily probe surface-level semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Junjie Zhou , Ze Liu , Lei Xiong , Jin-Ge Yao , Yueze Wang , Shitao Xiao , Fenfen Lin , Miguel Hu Chen , Zhicheng Dou , Siqi Bao , Defu Lian , Yongping Xiong , Zheng Liu

We introduce seqBench, a parametrized benchmark for probing sequential reasoning limits in Large Language Models (LLMs) through precise, multi-dimensional control over several key complexity dimensions. seqBench allows systematic variation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Mohammad Ramezanali , Mo Vazifeh , Paolo Santi

The rapid evolution of video generative models has shifted their focus from producing visually plausible outputs to tackling tasks requiring physical plausibility and logical consistency. However, despite recent breakthroughs such as Veo…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Harold Haodong Chen , Disen Lan , Wen-Jie Shu , Qingyang Liu , Zihan Wang , Sirui Chen , Wenkai Cheng , Kanghao Chen , Hongfei Zhang , Zixin Zhang , Rongjin Guo , Yu Cheng , Ying-Cong Chen

The emergence of large language models has enabled sophisticated multi-agent systems, yet coordinating their reasoning capabilities through prompt engineering remains challenging. We present a theoretically-grounded framework for dynamic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Hassen Dhrif

The emergence of groundbreaking large language models capable of performing complex reasoning tasks holds significant promise for addressing various scientific challenges, including those arising in complex clinical scenarios. To enable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yakun Zhu , Zhongzhen Huang , Linjie Mu , Yutong Huang , Wei Nie , Jiaji Liu , Shaoting Zhang , Pengfei Liu , Xiaofan Zhang

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made remarkable progress across various domains, with large language models like ChatGPT gaining substantial attention for their human-like text-generation capabilities. Despite these achievements, spatial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Fangjun Li , David C. Hogg , Anthony G. Cohn

Recent advances in multi-modal generative models have enabled significant progress in instruction-based image editing. However, while these models produce visually plausible outputs, their capacity for knowledge-based reasoning editing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yongliang Wu , Zonghui Li , Xinting Hu , Xinyu Ye , Xianfang Zeng , Gang Yu , Wenbo Zhu , Bernt Schiele , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Xu Yang