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We initiate the study of metric embeddings with \emph{outliers}. Given some metric space $(X,\rho)$ we wish to find a small set of outlier points $K \subset X$ and either an isometric or a low-distortion embedding of $(X\setminus K,\rho)$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-17 Anastasios Sidiropoulos , Yusu Wang

Dynamic trees are a well-studied and fundamental building block of dynamic graph algorithms dating back to the seminal work of Sleator and Tarjan [STOC'81, (1981), pp. 114-122]. The problem is to maintain a tree subject to online edge…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Daniel Anderson , Guy E. Blelloch

We present a new and surprisingly simple analysis of random-shift decompositions -- originally proposed by Miller, Peng, and Xu [SPAA'13]: We show that decompositions for exponentially growing scales $D = 2^0, 2^1, \ldots,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Rasmus Kyng , Maximilian Probst Gutenberg , Tim Rieder

Decision trees and random forest remain highly competitive for classification on medium-sized, standard datasets due to their robustness, minimal preprocessing requirements, and interpretability. However, a single tree suffers from high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Cencheng Shen , Yuexiao Dong , Carey E. Priebe

We present $O(\log\log n)$ round scalable Massively Parallel Computation algorithms for maximal independent set and maximal matching, in trees and more generally graphs of bounded arboricity, as well as for constant coloring trees.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Mohsen Ghaffari , Christoph Grunau , Ce Jin

Consider observation data, comprised of n observation vectors with values on a set of attributes. This gives us n points in attribute space. Having data structured as a tree, implied by having our observations embedded in an ultrametric…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-02-17 Fionn Murtagh , Pedro Contreras

In this paper we propose and study a new complexity model for approximation algorithms. The main motivation are practical problems over large data sets that need to be solved many times for different scenarios, e.g., many multicast trees…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-06-18 Marek Cygan , Lukasz Kowalik , Marcin Mucha , Marcin Pilipczuk , Piotr Sankowski

Efficiently computing accurate representations of high-dimensional data is essential for data analysis and unsupervised learning. Dendrograms, also known as ultrametrics, are widely used representations that preserve hierarchical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Gabriel Bathie , Guillaume Lagarde

In this paper we show how to find nearly optimal embeddings of large trees in several natural classes of graphs. The size of the tree T can be as large as a constant fraction of the size of the graph G, and the maximum degree of T can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-07-17 Benny Sudakov , Jan Vondrak

We develop a framework for applying treewidth-based dynamic programming on graphs with "hybrid structure", i.e., with parts that may not have small treewidth but instead possess other structural properties. Informally, this is achieved by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Eduard Eiben , Robert Ganian , Thekla Hamm , O-joung Kwon

The largest common embeddable subtree problem asks for the largest possible tree embeddable into two input trees and generalizes the classical maximum common subtree problem. Several variants of the problem in labeled and unlabeled rooted…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Andre Droschinsky , Nils M. Kriege , Petra Mutzel

We describe a framework for maintaining forest algebra representations that are of logarithmic height for unranked trees. Such representations can be computed in O(n) time and updated in O(log(n)) time. The framework is of potential…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Sarah Kleest-Meißner , Jonas Marasus , Matthias Niewerth

Dimension reduction is the process of embedding high-dimensional data into a lower dimensional space to facilitate its analysis. In the Euclidean setting, one fundamental technique for dimension reduction is to apply a random linear map to…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-19 Samet Oymak , Joel A. Tropp

Building trees to represent or to fit distances is a critical component of phylogenetic analysis, metric embeddings, approximation algorithms, geometric graph neural nets, and the analysis of hierarchical data. Much of the previous…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Joon-Hyeok Yim , Anna C. Gilbert

A class of neural networks that gained particular interest in the last years are neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs). We study input-output relations of neural ODEs using dynamical systems theory and prove several results…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-09-29 Christian Kuehn , Sara-Viola Kuntz

Let (X,d_X) be an n-point metric space. We show that there exists a distribution D over non-contractive embeddings into trees f:X-->T such that for every x in X, the expectation with respect to D of the maximum over y in X of the ratio…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-11-15 Manor Mendel , Assaf Naor

We present a data structure that in a dynamic graph of treedepth at most $d$, which is modified over time by edge insertions and deletions, maintains an optimum-height elimination forest. The data structure achieves worst-case update time…

We address the problem of summarizing embedded tree patterns extracted from large data trees. We do so by defining and mining closed and maximal embedded unordered tree patterns from a single large data tree. We design an embedded frequent…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Xiaoying Wu , Dimitri Theodoratos , Nikos Mamoulis

Depth first search (DFS) tree is a fundamental data structure for solving graph problems. The classical algorithm [SiComp74] for building a DFS tree requires $O(m+n)$ time for a given graph $G$ having $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. Recently,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Shahbaz Khan

Randomized dimensionality reduction is a widely-used algorithmic technique for speeding up large-scale Euclidean optimization problems. In this paper, we study dimension reduction for a variety of maximization problems, including…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jie Gao , Rajesh Jayaram , Benedikt Kolbe , Shay Sapir , Chris Schwiegelshohn , Sandeep Silwal , Erik Waingarten