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Large-scale pre-trained language models have demonstrated strong capabilities of generating realistic text. However, it remains challenging to control the generation results. Previous approaches such as prompting are far from sufficient,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Xu Zou , Da Yin , Qingyang Zhong , Ming Ding , Hongxia Yang , Zhilin Yang , Jie Tang

Reading comprehension is a crucial skill in many aspects of education, including language learning, cognitive development, and fostering early literacy skills in children. Automated answer-aware reading comprehension question generation has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Nischal Ashok Kumar , Nigel Fernandez , Zichao Wang , Andrew Lan

Mixed-initiative dialogue tasks involve repeated exchanges of information and conversational control. Conversational agents gain control by generating responses that follow particular dialogue intents or strategies, prescribed by a policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Maximillian Chen , Xiao Yu , Weiyan Shi , Urvi Awasthi , Zhou Yu

In this article, we investigate the alignment of Large Language Models according to human preferences. We discuss the features of training a Preference Model, which simulates human preferences, and the methods and details we found essential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Alexey Kutalev , Sergei Markoff

Recent question generation (QG) approaches often utilize the sequence-to-sequence framework (Seq2Seq) to optimize the log-likelihood of ground-truth questions using teacher forcing. However, this training objective is inconsistent with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Yuxi Xie , Liangming Pan , Dongzhe Wang , Min-Yen Kan , Yansong Feng

In education, open-ended quiz questions have become an important tool for assessing the knowledge of students. Yet, manually preparing such questions is a tedious task, and thus automatic question generation has been proposed as a possible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Kristiyan Vachev , Momchil Hardalov , Georgi Karadzhov , Georgi Georgiev , Ivan Koychev , Preslav Nakov

Learning control policies to perform complex robotics tasks from human preference data presents significant challenges. On the one hand, the complexity of such tasks typically requires learning policies to perform a variety of subtasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Utsav Singh , Souradip Chakraborty , Wesley A. Suttle , Brian M. Sadler , Vinay P Namboodiri , Amrit Singh Bedi

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, especially the increasingly widespread application of question-and-answer systems, high-quality question generation has become a key component in supporting the development…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Zhenhong Zhang , Jiajing Chen , Weiyan Shi , Lingjie Yi , Chihang Wang , Qian Yu

Despite recent advances, goal-directed generation of structured discrete data remains challenging. For problems such as program synthesis (generating source code) and materials design (generating molecules), finding examples which satisfy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Amina Mollaysa , Brooks Paige , Alexandros Kalousis

In designing multiple-choice questions (MCQs) in education, creating plausible distractors is crucial for identifying students' misconceptions and gaps in knowledge and accurately assessing their understanding. However, prior studies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yooseop Lee , Suin Kim , Yohan Jo

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in natural language processing tasks, but their application to machine translation (MT) remains challenging due to pretraining on English-centric data and the complexity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Guofeng Cui , Pichao Wang , Yang Liu , Zemian Ke , Zhu Liu , Vimal Bhat

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate multiple-choice questions (MCQs), where correct answers should ideally be uniformly distributed across options. However, we observe that LLMs exhibit systematic position biases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xuemei Tang , Xufeng Duan , Zhenguang G. Cai

The application of Large Language Models to Question Answering has shown great promise, but important challenges such as hallucinations and erroneous reasoning arise when using these models, particularly in knowledge-intensive,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ignacio Sastre , Guillermo Moncecchi , Aiala Rosá

Recent trends in natural language processing using pretraining have shifted focus towards pretraining and fine-tuning approaches for text generation. Often the focus has been on task-agnostic approaches that generalize the language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Shashi Narayan , Gonçalo Simoes , Ji Ma , Hannah Craighead , Ryan Mcdonald

Text generation rarely considers the control of lexical complexity, which limits its more comprehensive practical application. We introduce a novel task of lexical complexity controlled sentence generation, which aims at keywords to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Jinran Nie , Liner Yang , Yun Chen , Cunliang Kong , Junhui Zhu , Erhong Yang

Large language models generate fluent texts and can follow natural language instructions to solve a wide range of tasks without task-specific training. Nevertheless, it is notoriously difficult to control their generation to satisfy the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Wangchunshu Zhou , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Ethan Wilcox , Ryan Cotterell , Mrinmaya Sachan

Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and GPT-4 have attracted great attention given their surprising performance on a wide range of NLP tasks. Length controlled generation of LLMs emerges as an important topic, which enables users to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Renlong Jie , Xiaojun Meng , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

A key distinguishing feature of conversational recommender systems over traditional recommender systems is their ability to elicit user preferences using natural language. Currently, the predominant approach to preference elicitation is to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Ivica Kostric , Krisztian Balog , Filip Radlinski

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in educational settings has brought new learning approaches, transforming the practices of both students and educators. Among the various technologies driving this transformation, Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Giorgio Biancini , Alessio Ferrato , Carla Limongelli

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are a popular method for evaluating students' knowledge due to their efficiency in administration and grading. Crafting high-quality math MCQs is a labor-intensive process that requires educators to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Jaewook Lee , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan