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Empathetic and coherent responses are critical in auto-mated chatbot-facilitated psychotherapy. This study addresses the challenge of enhancing the emotional and contextual understanding of large language models (LLMs) in psychiatric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Abdur Rasool , Muhammad Irfan Shahzad , Hafsa Aslam , Vincent Chan , Muhammad Ali Arshad

With a major focus on its history, difficulties, and promise, this research paper provides a thorough analysis of the chatbot technology environment as it exists today. It provides a very flexible chatbot system that makes use of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Shivom Aggarwal , Shourya Mehra , Pritha Mitra

We introduce a novel framework for automatic behavior tree (BT) construction in heterogeneous multi-robot systems, designed to address the challenges of adaptability and robustness in dynamic environments. Traditional robots are limited by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Chaoran Wang , Jingyuan Sun , Yanhui Zhang , Mingyu Zhang , Changju Wu

Large language models are moving beyond transactional question answering to act as companions, coaches, mediators, and curators that scaffold human growth, decision-making, and well-being. This paper proposes a role-based framework for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zhiyin Zhou

A robust decision-making process must take into account uncertainty, especially when the choice involves inherent risks. Because artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly integrated into decision-making workflows, managing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Richard Servajean , Philippe Servajean

An essential problem in artificial intelligence is whether LLMs can simulate human cognition or merely imitate surface-level behaviors, while existing datasets suffer from either synthetic reasoning traces or population-level aggregation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yuxuan Gu , Lunjun Liu , Xiaocheng Feng , Kun Zhu , Weihong Zhong , Lei Huang , Bing Qin

Efforts have been made to make machines converse like humans in the past few decades. The recent techniques of Large Language Models (LLMs) make it possible to have human-like conversations with machines, but LLM's flaws of lacking…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Yankai Zeng

A chatbot is an intelligent software application that automates conversations and engages users in natural language through messaging platforms. Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI), chatbots serve various functions, including customer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Lamya Benaddi , Charaf Ouaddi , Adnane Souha , Abdeslam Jakimi , Mohamed Rahouti , Mohammed Aledhari , Diogo Oliveira , Brahim Ouchao

Healthcare systems around the world are grappling with issues like inefficient diagnostics, rising costs, and limited access to specialists. These problems often lead to delays in treatment and poor health outcomes. Most current AI and deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Maliha Tabassum , M Shamim Kaiser

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) have gained rapid popularity through publicly available tools such as ChatGPT. The adoption of LLMs for personal and professional use is fueled by the natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Sinan Abdulhak , Wayne Hubbard , Karthik Gopalakrishnan , Max Z. Li

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) in education raises profound challenges for assessment design. To adapt assessments to the presence of LLM-based tools, it is crucial to characterize the strengths and weaknesses of LLMs in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Licol Zeinfeld , Alona Strugatski , Ziva Bar-Dov , Ron Blonder , Shelley Rap , Giora Alexandron

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have recently demonstrated significant potential in mathematical abilities, providing valuable reasoning paradigm consistent with human natural language. However, LLMs currently have difficulty…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown their potential across both general and domain-specific tasks. However, there is a growing concern regarding their lack of sensitivity, factual incorrectness in responses,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Vivek Kumar , Pushpraj Singh Rajawat , Eirini Ntoutsi

Existing dialogue models may encounter scenarios which are not well-represented in the training data, and as a result generate responses that are unnatural, inappropriate, or unhelpful. We propose the "Ask an Expert" framework in which the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Qiang Zhang , Jason Naradowsky , Yusuke Miyao

The objective of this work is to train a chatbot capable of solving evolving problems through conversing with a user about a problem the chatbot cannot directly observe. The system consists of a virtual problem (in this case a simple game),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Michael Free , Andrew Langworthy , Mary Dimitropoulaki , Simon Thompson

Domain specific chatbot applications often involve multi step interactions, such as refining search filters, selecting multiple items, or performing comparisons. Traditional graphical user interfaces (GUIs) handle these workflows by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Sanjay Krishna Anbalagan , Xinrui Nie , Umesh Mohan , Vijay Kumar Kanamarlapudi , Anughna Kommalapati , Xiaodan Zhao

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have become incredibly popular, with ChatGPT for example being used by over a billion users. While these models exhibit remarkable language understanding and logical prowess, a notable challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Elijah Berberette , Jack Hutchins , Amir Sadovnik

Conversational agents are increasingly used as support tools along mental therapeutic pathways with significant societal impacts. In particular, empathy is a key non-functional requirement in therapeutic contexts, yet current chatbot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Francesco Dettori , Matteo Forasassi , Lorenzo Veronese , Livia Lestingi , Vincenzo Scotti , Matteo Giovanni Rossi

Since 2022, versions of generative AI chatbots such as ChatGPT and Claude have been trained using a specialized technique called Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) to fine-tune language model output using feedback from human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Shannon Lodoen , Alexi Orchard

Generative Artificial Intelligence is set to revolutionize healthcare delivery by transforming traditional patient care into a more personalized, efficient, and proactive process. Chatbots, serving as interactive conversational models, will…