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A conversational agent (chatbot) is a piece of software that is able to communicate with humans using natural language. Modeling conversation is an important task in natural language processing and artificial intelligence. While chatbots…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-26 Richard Csaky

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) promise to expand mental health interventions by emulating therapeutic techniques, potentially easing barriers to care. Yet there is a lack of real-world empirical evidence evaluating the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yinzhou Wang , Yimeng Wang , Ye Xiao , Liabette Escamilla , Bianca Augustine , Kelly Crace , Gang Zhou , Yixuan Zhang

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in the form of large language models (LLMs) or chatbots, has become increasingly integrated into our daily lives. In the past five years, several LLMs have been introduced, including ChatGPT by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Mouhacine Benosman

Large Language models (LLMs), while powerful, exhibit harmful social biases. Debiasing is often challenging due to computational costs, data constraints, and potential degradation of multi-task language capabilities. This work introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Pengrui Han , Rafal Kocielnik , Adhithya Saravanan , Roy Jiang , Or Sharir , Anima Anandkumar

Questionnaires are a common method for detecting the personality of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, their reliability is often compromised by two main issues: hallucinations (where LLMs produce inaccurate or irrelevant responses) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Baohua Zhan , Yongyi Huang , Wenyao Cui , Huaping Zhang , Jianyun Shang

With the rapid adoption of LLM-based chatbots, there is a pressing need to evaluate what humans and LLMs can achieve together. However, standard benchmarks, such as MMLU, measure LLM capabilities in isolation (i.e., "AI-alone"). Here, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Serina Chang , Ashton Anderson , Jake M. Hofman

The use of chatbots has spread, generating great interest in the industry for the possibility of automating tasks within the execution of their processes. The implementation of chatbots, however simple, is a complex endeavor that involves…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Bedilia Estrada-Torres , Adela del-Río-Ortega , Manuel Resinas

With the development of Natural Language Processing, Automatic question-answering system such as Waston, Siri, Alexa, has become one of the most important NLP applications. Nowadays, enterprises try to build automatic custom service…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Hsiang-En Cherng , Chia-Hui Chang

Providing the best customer experience is one of the primary concerns for the firms that are based online. The advancement of machine learning is revolutionising the company's attitude towards the client through improving the service…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Rejwan Bin Sulaiman

Chatbots or conversational agents (CAs) are increasingly used to improve access to digital psychotherapy. Many current systems rely on rigid, rule-based designs, heavily dependent on expert-crafted dialogue scripts for guiding therapeutic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xin Sun , Jan de Wit , Zhuying Li , Jiahuan Pei , Abdallah El Ali , Jos A. Bosch

In this work, we present a new dataset and a computational strategy for a digital coach that aims to guide users in practicing the protocols of self-attachment therapy. Our framework augments a rule-based conversational agent with a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Lisa Alazraki , Ali Ghachem , Neophytos Polydorou , Foaad Khosmood , Abbas Edalat

Large language models (LLMs) chatbots like ChatGPT are increasingly used for mental health support. They offer accessible, therapeutic support but also raise concerns about misinformation, over-reliance, and risks in high-stakes contexts of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Lingyao Li , Xiaoshan Huang , Renkai Ma , Ben Zefeng Zhang , Haolun Wu , Fan Yang , Chen Chen

LGBTQ+ individuals are increasingly turning to chatbots powered by large language models (LLMs) to meet their mental health needs. However, little research has explored whether these chatbots can adequately and safely provide tailored…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Zilin Ma , Yiyang Mei , Yinru Long , Zhaoyuan Su , Krzysztof Z. Gajos

With the rapid expansion of large language model (LLM) applications, there is an emerging shift in the role of LLM-based AI chatbots from serving merely as general inquiry tools to acting as professional service agents. However, current…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Wenwen Li , Kangwei Shi , Yidong Chai

This research paper explores the use of ChatGPT in database management. ChatGPT, an AI-powered chatbot, has limitations in performing tasks related to database management due to the lack of standardized vocabulary and grammar for…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Wenjun Lin , Paul Babyn , Yan yan , Wenjun Zhang

Cognitive reappraisal is a well-studied emotion regulation strategy that helps individuals reinterpret stressful situations to reduce their impact. Many digital mental health tools struggle to support this process because rigid scripts fail…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Ananya Bhattacharjee , Jina Suh , Mohit Chandra , Javier Hernandez

The widespread adoption of AI chatbots in education will drastically change learning, making responsible deployment a critical concern. While large language models (LLMs) might have access to sources discussing insights from educational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Julius Gabelmann , Felix Jahn , Kevin Baum , Sophie van Rossum , Emely Wuenscher , Timo P. Gros , Verena Wolf

Large Language Model (LLM)-Powered Conversational Agents have the potential to provide users with scaled behavioral healthcare support, and potentially even deliver full-scale "AI therapy'" in the future. While such agents can already…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Robert Wasenmüller , Kevin Hilbert , Christoph Benzmüller

Background: Emerging reports of "AI psychosis" are on the rise, where user-LLM interactions may exacerbate or induce psychosis or adverse psychological symptoms. Whilst the sycophantic and agreeable nature of LLMs can be beneficial, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Joshua Au Yeung , Jacopo Dalmasso , Luca Foschini , Richard JB Dobson , Zeljko Kraljevic

Recent advancements in LLMs enable chatbots to interact with individuals on a range of queries, including sensitive mental health contexts. Despite uncertainties about their effectiveness and reliability, the development of LLMs in these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Dong Whi Yoo , Jiayue Melissa Shi , Violeta J. Rodriguez , Koustuv Saha
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