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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show promising results as decision-making engines for embodied agents operating in complex, physical environments. However, existing benchmarks often prioritize high-level planning or spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Dayong Liu , Chao Xu , Weihong Chen , Suyu Zhang , Juncheng Wang , Jiankang Deng , Baigui Sun , Yang Liu

As large language models (LLMs) continue to improve in reasoning and decision-making, there is a growing need for realistic and interactive environments where their abilities can be rigorously evaluated. We present VirtualEnv, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Kabir Swain , Sijie Han , Ayush Raina , Jin Zhang , Shuang Li , Michael Stopa , Antonio Torralba

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated high reasoning capabilities, drawing attention for their applications as agents in various decision-making processes. One notably promising application of LLM agents is robotic…

Future robotic systems operating in real-world environments will require on-board embodied intelligence without continuous cloud connection, balancing capabilities with constraints on computational power and memory. This work presents an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Liam Boyle , Nicolas Baumann , Paviththiren Sivasothilingam , Michele Magno , Luca Benini

Traditional reinforcement learning-based robotic control methods are often task-specific and fail to generalize across diverse environments or unseen objects and instructions. Visual Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate strong scene…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Qi Sun , Pengfei Hong , Tej Deep Pala , Vernon Toh , U-Xuan Tan , Deepanway Ghosal , Soujanya Poria

LLM/VLM-based digital agents have advanced rapidly thanks to scalable sandboxes for coding, web navigation, and computer use, which provide rich interactive training grounds. In contrast, embodied agents still lack abundant, diverse, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Haoqiang Kang , Xiaokang Ye , Yuhan Liu , Siddhant Hitesh Mantri , Lingjun Mao , James Fleming , Drishti Regmi , Lianhui Qin

Embodied learning for object-centric robotic manipulation is a rapidly developing and challenging area in embodied AI. It is crucial for advancing next-generation intelligent robots and has garnered significant interest recently. Unlike…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Ying Zheng , Lei Yao , Yuejiao Su , Yi Zhang , Yi Wang , Sicheng Zhao , Yiyi Zhang , Lap-Pui Chau

Embodied AI requires agents to understand goals, plan actions, and execute tasks in simulated environments. We present a comprehensive evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the VirtualHome benchmark using the Embodied Agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jiaqi Xu , Tao Huang , Kai Zhang

Generalization in embodied AI is hindered by the "seeing-to-doing gap," which stems from data scarcity and embodiment heterogeneity. To address this, we pioneer "pointing" as a unified, embodiment-agnostic intermediate representation,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yifu Yuan , Haiqin Cui , Yaoting Huang , Yibin Chen , Fei Ni , Zibin Dong , Pengyi Li , Yan Zheng , Hongyao Tang , Jianye Hao

In the realm of computer vision and robotics, embodied agents are expected to explore their environment and carry out human instructions. This necessitates the ability to fully understand 3D scenes given their first-person observations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Tai Wang , Xiaohan Mao , Chenming Zhu , Runsen Xu , Ruiyuan Lyu , Peisen Li , Xiao Chen , Wenwei Zhang , Kai Chen , Tianfan Xue , Xihui Liu , Cewu Lu , Dahua Lin , Jiangmiao Pang

Embodied Planning is dedicated to the goal of creating agents capable of executing long-horizon tasks in complex physical worlds. However, existing embodied planning benchmarks frequently feature short-horizon tasks and coarse-grained…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Muzhen Cai , Xiubo Chen , Yining An , Jiaxin Zhang , Xuesong Wang , Wang Xu , Weinan Zhang , Ting Liu

We explore leveraging large multi-modal models (LMMs) and text2image models to build a more general embodied agent. LMMs excel in planning long-horizon tasks over symbolic abstractions but struggle with grounding in the physical world,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zhirui Fang , Ming Yang , Weishuai Zeng , Boyu Li , Junpeng Yue , Ziluo Ding , Xiu Li , Zongqing Lu

Despite significant progress in natural language understanding, Large Language Models (LLMs) remain error-prone when performing logical reasoning, often lacking the robust mental representations that enable human-like comprehension. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 François Olivier , Zied Bouraoui

While video-generation-based embodied world models have gained increasing attention, their reliance on large-scale embodied interaction data remains a key bottleneck. The scarcity, difficulty of collection, and high dimensionality of…

Scalable AI agents training relies on interactive environments that faithfully simulate the consequences of agent actions. Manually crafted environments are expensive to build, brittle to extend, and fundamentally limited in diversity. A…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yi Liu , TingFeng Hui , Wei Zhang , Li Sun , Ningxin Su , Jian Wang , Sen Su

Embodied intelligence is advancing rapidly, driving the need for efficient evaluation. Current benchmarks typically rely on interactive simulated environments or real-world setups, which are costly, fragmented, and hard to scale. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jiahao Xiao , Jianbo Zhang , BoWen Yan , Shengyu Guo , Tongrui Ye , Kaiwei Zhang , Zicheng Zhang , Xiaohong Liu , Zhengxue Cheng , Lei Fan , Chuyi Li , Guangtao Zhai

Large multimodal models (LMMs) show strong visual-linguistic reasoning but their capacity for spatial decision-making and action remains unclear. In this work, we investigate whether LMMs can achieve embodied spatial action like human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Baining Zhao , Ziyou Wang , Jianjie Fang , Zile Zhou , Yanggang Xu , Yatai Ji , Jiacheng Xu , Qian Zhang , Weichen Zhang , Chen Gao , Xinlei Chen

Vision-language navigation requires agents to reason and act under constraints of embodiment. While vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate strong generalization, current benchmarks provide limited understanding of how embodiment -- i.e.,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Tin Stribor Sohn , Maximilian Dillitzer , Jason J. Corso , Eric Sax

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have opened new opportunities for embodied intelligence, enabling multimodal understanding, reasoning, and interaction, as well as continuous spatial decision-making. Nevertheless,…

Large Language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success in assisting robot learning tasks, i.e., complex household planning. However, the performance of pretrained LLMs heavily relies on domain-specific templated text data, which may be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Jielin Qiu , Mengdi Xu , William Han , Seungwhan Moon , Ding Zhao
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