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In this work we develop a quantum field theory formalism for deep learning, where input signals are encoded in Gaussian states, a generalization of Gaussian processes which encode the agent's uncertainty about the input signal. We show how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-09 Roberto Bondesan , Max Welling

We examine the advantages that quantum strategies afford in communication-limited games. Inspired by the card game blackjack, we focus on cooperative, two-party sequential games in which a single classical bit of communication is allowed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-30 Joseph X. Lin , Joseph A. Formaggio , Aram W. Harrow , Anand V. Natarajan

Implementing quantum game theory on real hardware is challenging due to noise, decoherence, and limited qubit connectivity, yet such demonstrations are essential to validate theoretical predictions. We present one of the first full…

In this research article, we survey existing quantum physics-related games and, based on this survey, propose a definition for the concept of quantum games. We define a quantum game as any type of rule-based game that either employs the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Laura Piispanen , Marcel Pfaffhauser , James Wootton , Julian Togelius , Annakaisa Kultima

We present the classical Hotelling model we want to quantize, and investigate the quantum consequences of the game. Our results demonstrate that the quantum game give higher profit for both players, and that with the quantum entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-13 Yuannan Chen , Gan Qin , An Min Wang

We give a (remote) quantum gambling scheme that makes use of the fact that quantum nonorthogonal states cannot be distinguished with certainty. In the proposed scheme, two participants Alice and Bob can be regarded as playing a game of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 W. Y. Hwang , D. Ahn , S. W. Hwang

Quantum systems are a natural choice for generating probability distributions due to the phenomena of quantum measurements. The data that we observe in nature from various physical phenomena can be modelled using quantum circuits. To load…

Drawing on ideas from game theory and quantum physics, we investigate nonlocal correlations from the point of view of equilibria in games of incomplete information. These equilibria can be classified in decreasing power as communication…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Vincenzo Auletta , Diodato Ferraioli , Ashutosh Rai , Giannicola Scarpa , Andreas Winter

We explore the implementation of hybridly protected quantum operations combining the merits of holonomy, dynamical decoupling approach and dephasing-free feature based on a simple and experimentally achievable spin model. The implementation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 Chunfeng Wu , Chunfang Sun , Gangcheng Wang , Xun-Li Feng , Xuexi Yi

We address the question of when quantum entanglement is a useful resource for information processing tasks by presenting a new class of nonlocal games that are simple, direct, generalizations of the Clauser Horne Shimony Holt game. For some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-30 Thomas Lawson , Noah Linden , Sandu Popescu

With the ever growing networking capabilities and services offered to users, attack surfaces have been increasing exponentially, additionally, the intricacy of network architectures has increased the complexity of cyber-defenses, to this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Xavier Bellekens , Gayan Jayasekara , Hanan Hindy , Miroslav Bures , David Brosset , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson

In the classical context, the cooperative game theory concept of the Shapley value has been adapted for post hoc explanations of machine learning models. However, this approach does not easily translate to eXplainable Quantum ML (XQML).…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Iain Burge , Michel Barbeau , Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro

We discuss the connection between a class of distributed quantum games, with remotely located players, to the counter intuitive Braess' paradox of traffic flow that is an important design consideration in generic networks where the addition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-14 Neal Solmeyer , Ricky Dixon , Radhakrishnan Balu

Game theory is central to the understanding of competitive interactions arising in many fields, from the social and physical sciences to economics. Recently, as the definition of information is generalized to include entangled quantum…

For decades it is known that Quantum Computers might serve as a tool to solve a very specific kind of problems that have long thought to be incalculable. Some of those problems are of a combinatorial nature, with the quantum advantage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Ulrich Armbrüster , Stefan Edelkamp , Gabriel Maresch , Erik Schulze

This work is an application of game theory to quantum information. In a state estimate, we are given observations distributed according to an unknown distribution $P_{\theta}$ (associated with award $Q$), which Nature chooses at random from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-10 Xianhua Dai , V. P. Belavkin

Behavioral experiments on the trust game have shown that trust and trustworthiness are universal among human beings, contradicting the prediction by assuming \emph{Homo economicus} in orthodox Economics. This means some mechanism must be at…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-20 Guozhong Zheng , Jiqiang Zhang , Jing Zhang , Weiran Cai , Li Chen

A probabilistic framework is developed that gives a unifying perspective on both the classical and the quantum games. We suggest exploiting peculiar probabilities involved in Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) experiments to construct quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Azhar Iqbal , Taksu Cheon

In its normal form prisoners' dilemma (PD) is represented by a payoff matrix showing players strategies and payoffs. To obtain distinguishing trait and strategic form of PD certain constraints are imposed on the elements of its payoff…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-25 Ahmad Nawaz

Quantum game theory is a rapidly evolving subject that extends beyond physics. In this research work, a schematic picture of quantum game theory has been provided with the help of the famous game Prisoners' Dilemma. It has been considered…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Kaushik Naskar