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The advancement of data-driven artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning, heavily depends on large-scale benchmarks. Despite remarkable progress across domains ranging from pattern recognition to intelligent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chao Li , Shangdong Yang , Chiheng Zhan , Zhenxing Ge , Yujing Hu , Bingkun Bao , Xingguo Chen , Yang Gao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown success in handling simple games with imperfect information and enabling multi-agent coordination, but their ability to facilitate practical collaboration against other agents in complex, imperfect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Yauwai Yim , Chunkit Chan , Tianyu Shi , Zheye Deng , Wei Fan , Tianshi Zheng , Yangqiu Song

Games are a simplified model of reality and often serve as a favored platform for Artificial Intelligence (AI) research. Much of the research is concerned with game-playing agents and their decision making processes. The game of Guandan…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Yifan Yanggong , Hao Pan , Lei Wang

Learning to adapt and make real-time informed decisions in a dynamic and complex environment is a challenging problem. Monopoly is a popular strategic board game that requires players to make multiple decisions during the game.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Trevor Bonjour , Marina Haliem , Aala Alsalem , Shilpa Thomas , Hongyu Li , Vaneet Aggarwal , Mayank Kejriwal , Bharat Bhargava

Optimizing artificial intelligence (AI) for dynamic environments remains a fundamental challenge in machine learning research. In this paper, we examine evolutionary training methods for optimizing AI to solve the game 2048, a 2D sliding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Maggie Bai , Ava Kim Cohen , Eleanor Koss , Charlie Lichtenbaum

AI algorithms for imperfect-information games are typically compared using performance metrics on individual games, making it difficult to assess robustness across game choices. Card games are a natural domain for imperfect information due…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Mark Goadrich , Achille Morenville , Éric Piette

Agent modelling involves considering how other agents will behave, in order to influence your own actions. In this paper, we explore the use of agent modelling in the hidden-information, collaborative card game Hanabi. We implement a number…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-25 Joseph Walton-Rivers , Piers R. Williams , Richard Bartle , Diego Perez-Liebana , Simon M. Lucas

This paper summarizes the AAIA'17 Data Mining Challenge: Helping AI to Play Hearthstone which was held between March 23, and May 15, 2017 at the Knowledge Pit platform. We briefly describe the scope and background of this competition in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Andrzej Janusz , Maciej Świechowski , Tomasz Tajmajer

Quality diversity (QD) is a branch of evolutionary computation that seeks high-quality and behaviorally diverse solutions to a problem. While adversarial problems are common, classical QD cannot be easily applied to them, as both the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Timothée Anne , Noah Syrkis , Meriem Elhosni , Florian Turati , Alexandre Manai , Franck Legendre , Alain Jaquier , Sebastian Risi

Most games have, or can be generalised to have, a number of parameters that may be varied in order to provide instances of games that lead to very different player experiences. The space of possible parameter settings can be seen as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Jialin Liu , Julian Togelius , Diego Perez-Liebana , Simon M. Lucas

This paper introduces DebateBrawl, an innovative AI-powered debate platform that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs), Genetic Algorithms (GA), and Adversarial Search (AS) to create an adaptive and engaging debating experience.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Prakash Aryan

The Hearthstone AI framework and competition motivates the development of artificial intelligence agents that can play collectible card games. A special feature of those games is the high variety of cards, which can be chosen by the players…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Alexander Dockhorn , Sanaz Mostaghim

Catan is a strategic board game having interesting properties, including multi-player, imperfect information, stochastic, complex state space structure (hexagonal board where each vertex, edge and face has its own features, cards for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Quentin Gendre , Tomoyuki Kaneko

Cooperative reasoning under incomplete information remains challenging for both humans and multi-agent systems. The card game Hanabi embodies this challenge, requiring theory-of-mind reasoning and strategic communication. We benchmark 17…

Multiagent systems appear in most social, economical, and political situations. In the present work we extend the Deep Q-Learning Network architecture proposed by Google DeepMind to multiagent environments and investigate how two agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-30 Ardi Tampuu , Tambet Matiisen , Dorian Kodelja , Ilya Kuzovkin , Kristjan Korjus , Juhan Aru , Jaan Aru , Raul Vicente

Risk is 6 player game with significant randomness and a large game-tree complexity which poses a challenge to creating an agent to play the game effectively. Previous AIs focus on creating high-level handcrafted features determine agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Jamie Carr

The card game Hanabi is considered a strong medium for the testing and development of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms, due to its cooperative nature, partial observability, limited communication and remarkable…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-27 F. Bredell , H. A. Engelbrecht , J. C. Schoeman

Reinforcement learning combined with deep neural networks has performed remarkably well in many genres of games recently. It has surpassed human-level performance in fixed game environments and turn-based two player board games. However, to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Inseok Oh , Seungeun Rho , Sangbin Moon , Seongho Son , Hyoil Lee , Jinyun Chung

Evaluating agent performance when outcomes are stochastic and agents use randomized strategies can be challenging when there is limited data available. The variance of sampled outcomes may make the simple approach of Monte Carlo sampling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-23 Neil Burch , Martin Schmid , Matej Moravčík , Michael Bowling

Drafting in Magic the Gathering is a sub-game within a larger trading card game, where several players progressively build decks by picking cards from a common pool. Drafting poses an interesting problem for game and AI research due to its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Henry N. Ward , Daniel J. Brooks , Dan Troha , Bobby Mills , Arseny S. Khakhalin