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Embodied navigation requires agents to integrate perception, reasoning, and action for robust interaction in complex 3D environments. Existing approaches often suffer from incoherent and unstable reasoning traces that hinder generalization…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Qingxiang Liu , Ting Huang , Zeyu Zhang , Hao Tang

4D spatial intelligence involves perceiving and processing how objects move or change over time. Humans naturally possess 4D spatial intelligence, supporting a broad spectrum of spatial reasoning abilities. To what extent can Multimodal…

Large multimodal models (LMMs) show strong visual-linguistic reasoning but their capacity for spatial decision-making and action remains unclear. In this work, we investigate whether LMMs can achieve embodied spatial action like human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Baining Zhao , Ziyou Wang , Jianjie Fang , Zile Zhou , Yanggang Xu , Yatai Ji , Jiacheng Xu , Qian Zhang , Weichen Zhang , Chen Gao , Xinlei Chen

We revisit the problem of Object-Goal Navigation (ObjectNav). In its simplest form, ObjectNav is defined as the task of navigating to an object, specified by its label, in an unexplored environment. In particular, the agent is initialized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Dhruv Batra , Aaron Gokaslan , Aniruddha Kembhavi , Oleksandr Maksymets , Roozbeh Mottaghi , Manolis Savva , Alexander Toshev , Erik Wijmans

Semantic navigation requires an agent to navigate toward a specified target in an unseen environment. Employing an imaginative navigation strategy that predicts future scenes before taking action, can empower the agent to find target…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yue Hu , Junzhe Wu , Ruihan Xu , Hang Liu , Avery Xi , Henry X. Liu , Ram Vasudevan , Maani Ghaffari

Embodied navigation holds significant promise for real-world applications such as last-mile delivery. However, most existing approaches are confined to either indoor or outdoor environments and rely heavily on strong assumptions, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yuxiang Zhao , Yirong Yang , Yanqing Zhu , Yanfen Shen , Chiyu Wang , Zhining Gu , Pei Shi , Wei Guo , Mu Xu

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance and gain influence, the development of embodied AI has accelerated, drawing significant attention, particularly in navigation scenarios. Embodied navigation requires an agent to perceive,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Zixia Wang , Jia Hu , Ronghui Mu

This work focuses on object goal visual navigation, aiming at finding the location of an object from a given class, where in each step the agent is provided with an egocentric RGB image of the scene. We propose to learn the agent's policy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Bar Mayo , Tamir Hazan , Ayellet Tal

Delivering intelligent and adaptive navigation assistance in augmented reality (AR) requires more than visual cues, as it demands systems capable of interpreting flexible user intent and reasoning over both spatial and semantic context.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Hsuan-Kung Yang , Tsu-Ching Hsiao , Ryoichiro Oka , Ryuya Nishino , Satoko Tofukuji , Norimasa Kobori

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made significant progress in explicit instruction-based navigation; however, their ability to interpret implicit human needs (e.g., "I am thirsty") in dynamic urban environments remains underexplored. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Siqi Wang , Chao Liang , Yunfan Gao , Erxin Yu , Sen Li , Yushi Li , Jing Li , Haofen Wang

Understanding and mapping a new environment are core abilities of any autonomously navigating agent. While classical robotics usually estimates maps in a stand-alone manner with SLAM variants, which maintain a topological or metric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Pierre Marza , Laetitia Matignon , Olivier Simonin , Christian Wolf

As a long-term vision in the field of artificial intelligence, the core goal of embodied intelligence is to improve the perception, understanding, and interaction capabilities of agents and the environment. Vision-language navigation (VLN),…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Peng Gao , Peng Wang , Feng Gao , Fei Wang , Ruyue Yuan

How are people able to plan so efficiently despite limited cognitive resources? We aimed to answer this question by extending an existing model of human task decomposition that can explain a wide range of simple planning problems by adding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Ruiqi He , Carlos G. Correa , Thomas L. Griffiths , Mark K. Ho

Vision-language navigation requires agents to reason and act under constraints of embodiment. While vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate strong generalization, current benchmarks provide limited understanding of how embodiment -- i.e.,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Tin Stribor Sohn , Maximilian Dillitzer , Jason J. Corso , Eric Sax

Enabling embodied agents to complete complex human instructions from natural language is crucial to autonomous systems in household services. Conventional methods can only accomplish human instructions in the known environment where all…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zhenyu Wu , Ziwei Wang , Xiuwei Xu , Hang Yin , Yinan Liang , Angyuan Ma , Jiwen Lu , Haibin Yan

Navigation is a rich and well-grounded problem domain that drives progress in many different areas of research: perception, planning, memory, exploration, and optimisation in particular. Historically these challenges have been separately…

Vision-centric hierarchical embodied models have demonstrated strong potential. However, existing methods lack spatial awareness capabilities, limiting their effectiveness in bridging visual plans to actionable control in complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Yijun Liu , Yuwei Liu , Yuan Meng , Jieheng Zhang , Yuwei Zhou , Ye Li , Jiacheng Jiang , Kangye Ji , Shijia Ge , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

A practical navigation agent must be capable of handling a wide range of interaction demands, such as following instructions, searching objects, answering questions, tracking people, and more. Existing models for embodied navigation fall…

Spatial reasoning ability is crucial for Vision Language Models (VLMs) to support real-world applications in diverse domains including robotics, augmented reality, and autonomous navigation. Unfortunately, existing benchmarks are inadequate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xinmiao Huang , Qisong He , Zhenglin Huang , Boxuan Wang , Zhuoyun Li , Guangliang Cheng , Yi Dong , Xiaowei Huang

Leveraging multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to develop embodied agents offers significant promise for addressing complex real-world tasks. However, current evaluation benchmarks remain predominantly language-centric or heavily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Dwip Dalal , Utkarsh Mishra , Narendra Ahuja , Nebojsa Jojic