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Breakthroughs in machine learning in the last decade have led to `digital intelligence', i.e. machine learning models capable of learning from vast amounts of labeled data to perform several digital tasks such as speech recognition, face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Devendra Singh Chaplot

Today's state of the art visual navigation agents typically consist of large deep learning models trained end to end. Such models offer little to no interpretability about the learned skills or the actions of the agent taken in response to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Kshitij Dwivedi , Gemma Roig , Aniruddha Kembhavi , Roozbeh Mottaghi

Building a generalist agent that can interact with the world is the intriguing target of AI systems, thus spurring the research for embodied navigation, where an agent is required to navigate according to instructions or respond to queries.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Duo Zheng , Shijia Huang , Lin Zhao , Yiwu Zhong , Liwei Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), leveraging their powerful visual perception and reasoning capabilities, have been widely applied in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) tasks. However, the spatial intelligence capabilities of existing VLMs in UAV…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Lingfeng Zhang , Yuchen Zhang , Hongsheng Li , Haoxiang Fu , Yingbo Tang , Hangjun Ye , Long Chen , Xiaojun Liang , Xiaoshuai Hao , Wenbo Ding

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly in multimodal perception and language understanding, yet it remains unclear whether they can reliably ground language into spatially coherent, plausibly executable actions in 3D digital…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Niyati Rawal , Sushant Ravva , Shah Alam Abir , Saksham Jain , Aman Chadha , Vinija Jain , Suranjana Trivedy , Amitava Das

The academic field of learning instruction-guided visual navigation can be generally categorized into high-level category-specific search and low-level language-guided navigation, depending on the granularity of language instruction, in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Gengze Zhou , Yicong Hong , Zun Wang , Chongyang Zhao , Mohit Bansal , Qi Wu

Intelligent embodied agents (e.g. robots) need to perform complex semantic tasks in unfamiliar environments. Among many skills that the agents need to possess, building and maintaining a semantic map of the environment is most crucial in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Sonia Raychaudhuri , Angel X. Chang

Navigation guided by natural language instructions presents a challenging reasoning problem for instruction followers. Natural language instructions typically identify only a few high-level decisions and landmarks rather than complete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Daniel Fried , Ronghang Hu , Volkan Cirik , Anna Rohrbach , Jacob Andreas , Louis-Philippe Morency , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Kate Saenko , Dan Klein , Trevor Darrell

Spatial intelligence (SI) represents a cognitive ability encompassing the visualization, manipulation, and reasoning about spatial relationships, underpinning disciplines from neuroscience to robotics. We introduce SITE, a benchmark dataset…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Wenqi Wang , Reuben Tan , Pengyue Zhu , Jianwei Yang , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Andrey Kolobov , Jianfeng Gao , Boqing Gong

Vision guided navigation requires processing complex visual information to inform task-orientated decisions. Applications include autonomous robots, self-driving cars, and assistive vision for humans. A key element is the extraction and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Jaime Ruiz-Serra , Jack White , Stephen Petrie , Tatiana Kameneva , Chris McCarthy

Aerial navigation is a fundamental yet underexplored capability in embodied intelligence, enabling agents to operate in large-scale, unstructured environments where traditional navigation paradigms fall short. However, most existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Jianqiang Xiao , Yuexuan Sun , Yixin Shao , Boxi Gan , Rongqiang Liu , Yanjing Wu , Weili Guan , Xiang Deng

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong generalization in vision-language tasks, yet their ability to understand and act within embodied environments remains underexplored. We present NavBench, a benchmark to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yanyuan Qiao , Haodong Hong , Wenqi Lyu , Dong An , Siqi Zhang , Yutong Xie , Xinyu Wang , Qi Wu

Over the past year, the development of large language models (LLMs) has brought spatial intelligence into focus, with much attention on vision-based embodied intelligence. However, spatial intelligence spans a broader range of disciplines…

Spatial navigation is a complex cognitive function involving sensory inputs, such as visual, auditory, and proprioceptive information, to understand and move within space. This ability allows humans to create mental maps, navigate through…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Sobhan Teymouri , Fatemeh Alizadehziri , Mobina Zibandehpoor , Mehdi Delrobaei

Embodied AI has been recently gaining attention as it aims to foster the development of autonomous and intelligent agents. In this paper, we devise a novel embodied setting in which an agent needs to explore a previously unknown environment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Roberto Bigazzi , Federico Landi , Marcella Cornia , Silvia Cascianelli , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Vision-and-language navigation requires an agent to navigate through a real 3D environment following natural language instructions. Despite significant advances, few previous works are able to fully utilize the strong correspondence between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Yicong Hong , Cristian Rodriguez-Opazo , Qi Wu , Stephen Gould

Visual Semantic Navigation (VSN) is the ability of a robot to learn visual semantic information for navigating in unseen environments. These VSN models are typically tested in those virtual environments where they are trained, mainly using…

Existing evaluations of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) on spatial intelligence are typically fragmented and limited in scope. In this work, we aim to conduct a holistic assessment of the spatial understanding capabilities of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Haoning Wu , Xiao Huang , Yaohui Chen , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable progress in Vision-Language Navigation (VLN), offering new possibilities for navigation decision-making that could benefit both robotic platforms and human users. However, real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Xia Su , Ruiqi Chen , Benlin Liu , Jingwei Ma , Zonglin Di , Ranjay Krishna , Jon Froehlich

This paper focuses on visual semantic navigation, the task of producing actions for an active agent to navigate to a specified target object category in an unknown environment. To complete this task, the algorithm should simultaneously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Yiqing Liang , Boyuan Chen , Shuran Song