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Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is the dominant parameter-efficient fine-tuning method due to its favorable compute-performance trade-off, yet it suffers from catastrophic forgetting. We study forgetting through a tractable _mean-field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hugo Koubbi , Louis Hernandez , Matthieu Boussard

Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a popular Parameter Efficient Fine Tuning (PEFT) method that effectively adapts large pre-trained models for downstream tasks. LoRA parameterizes model updates using low-rank matrices at each layer,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ignacio Hounie , Charilaos Kanatsoulis , Arnuv Tandon , Alejandro Ribeiro

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a widely adopted technique for fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models with minimal parameter updates. However, existing methods rely on fixed ranks or focus solely on either rank pruning or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Huandong Chang , Zicheng Ma , Mingyuan Ma , Zhenting Qi , Andrew Sabot , Hong Jiang , H. T. Kung

LoRA has become a universal Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) technique that equips Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt quickly to new tasks. However, when these models are scaled up, even the latest LoRA variants still introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xindian Ma , Rundong Kong , Peng Zhang , Ruoxiang Huang , Yongyu Jiang

This review examines recent advances in Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), with a focus on Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), to optimize Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems like Qwen3, DeepSeek, and Kimi. These systems face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 David Santandreu Calonge , Linda Smail

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) approximates the update of a pretrained weight matrix using the product of two low-rank matrices. However, standard LoRA follows an explicit-rank paradigm, where increasing model capacity requires adding more rows…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yihao Ouyang , Shiwei Li , Haozhao Wang , Xiandi Luo , Zhuoqi Hu , Yuetong Song , Qiyu Qin , Yichen Li , Ruixuan Li

The power of foundation models (FMs) lies in their capacity to learn highly expressive representations that can be adapted to a broad spectrum of tasks. However, these pretrained models require additional training stages to become effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jacob L. Block , Sundararajan Srinivasan , Liam Collins , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning enables fast personalization of text-to-image diffusion models, but composing multiple custom concepts remains challenging due to representation interference. Existing modular methods either rely on expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Javad Parsa , Enis Simsar , Amir Joudaki , Thomas Hofmann , André M. H. Teixeira

We present a novel Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, dubbed as Adaptive Freezing of Low Rank Adaptation (AFLoRA). Specifically, for each pre-trained frozen weight tensor, we add a parallel path of trainable low-rank matrices,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Zeyu Liu , Souvik Kundu , Anni Li , Junrui Wan , Lianghao Jiang , Peter Anthony Beerel

LoRA-based large model parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods use low-rank de- composition to approximate updates to model parameters. However, compared to full- parameter fine-tuning, low-rank updates often lead to a performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haojie Zhang

Catastrophic forgetting has remained a critical challenge for deep neural networks in Continual Learning (CL) as it undermines consolidated knowledge when learning new tasks. Parameter efficient fine tuning CL techniques are gaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Prashant Shivaram Bhat , Shakib Yazdani , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

It is a common practice in natural language processing to pre-train a single model on a general domain and then fine-tune it for downstream tasks. However, when it comes to Large Language Models, fine-tuning the entire model can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Cristian Meo , Ksenia Sycheva , Anirudh Goyal , Justin Dauwels

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) optimize federated training by reducing computational and communication costs. We propose RoLoRA, a federated framework using alternating optimization to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Shuangyi Chen , Yuanxin Guo , Yue Ju , Harik Dalal , Zhongwen Zhu , Ashish Khisti

Supervised fine-tuning is the most common method to adapt large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, but full fine-tuning LLMs requires massive computational resources. Recently, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Xiangdi Meng , Damai Dai , Weiyao Luo , Zhe Yang , Shaoxiang Wu , Xiaochen Wang , Peiyi Wang , Qingxiu Dong , Liang Chen , Zhifang Sui

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely adopted parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method for Large Language Models (LLMs), but it still incurs notable overhead and suffers from parameter interference in complex datasets. While recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Chunlin Tian , Xuyang Wei , Huanrong Liu , Zhijiang Guo , Li Li

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a crucial approach for adapting large foundational models to specific tasks, particularly as model sizes continue to grow exponentially. Among PEFT methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Igor Sokolov , Abdurakhmon Sadiev , Yury Demidovich , Fawaz S Al-Qahtani , Peter Richtárik

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have transformed the approach to fine-tuning large models for downstream tasks by enabling the adjustment of significantly fewer parameters than those in the original model matrices. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Alessio Quercia , Zhuo Cao , Arya Bangun , Richard D. Paul , Abigail Morrison , Ira Assent , Hanno Scharr

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for adapting large-scale pre-trained models to downstream tasks with minimal additional parameters. Among PEFT methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out for its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nghiem T. Diep , Dung Le , Tuan Truong , Tan Dinh , Huy Nguyen , Nhat Ho

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) of text-to-image models has become an increasingly popular technique with many applications. Among the various PEFT methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and its variants have gained significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zerui Tao , Yuhta Takida , Naoki Murata , Qibin Zhao , Yuki Mitsufuji