Parameter-efficient fine-tuning enables fast personalization of text-to-image diffusion models, but composing multiple custom concepts remains challenging due to representation interference. Existing modular methods either rely on expensive post-hoc fusion or freeze adaptation subspaces, which limit expressiveness and concept fidelity. To address this trade-off, we propose Sequential regularized LoRA (SeqLoRA), a constrained continual learning framework that jointly optimizes both LoRA factors via bilevel optimization. Theoretically, we establish strong convergence guarantees for our algorithm and model the residual layer activations as a matrix sub-Gaussian process to derive high-probability bounds on catastrophic forgetting. We further prove that learning the LoRA basis from data minimizes residual interference energy more effectively than frozen-basis methods. Experiments on multi-concept image generation demonstrate that SeqLoRA improves identity preservation and scalability across up to 101 concepts, while avoiding costly fusion and reducing attribute interference in composed generations.
@article{arxiv.2605.22743,
title = {SeqLoRA: Bilevel Orthogonal Adaptation for Continual Multi-Concept Generation},
author = {Javad Parsa and Enis Simsar and Amir Joudaki and Thomas Hofmann and André M. H. Teixeira},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.22743},
year = {2026}
}