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Fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models with limited data presents significant challenges for generalization. While Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has proven effective in improving generalization by seeking flat minima, its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuhang Liu , Tao Li , Zhehao Huang , Zuopeng Yang , Xiaolin Huang

Bilevel Optimization has witnessed notable progress recently with new emerging efficient algorithms and has been applied to many machine learning tasks such as data cleaning, few-shot learning, and neural architecture search. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Junyi Li , Feihu Huang , Heng Huang

In this paper, we study a class of stochastic bilevel optimization problems, also known as stochastic simple bilevel optimization, where we minimize a smooth stochastic objective function over the optimal solution set of another stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-16 Jincheng Cao , Ruichen Jiang , Nazanin Abolfazli , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani , Aryan Mokhtari

We propose efficient methods for solving stochastic simple bilevel optimization problems with convex inner levels, where the goal is to minimize an outer stochastic objective function subject to the solution set of an inner stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Khanh-Hung Giang-Tran , Soroosh Shafiee , Nam Ho-Nguyen

Hyperparameter tuning is an important task of machine learning, which can be formulated as a bilevel program (BLP). However, most existing algorithms are not applicable for BLP with non-smooth lower-level problems. To address this, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-04 He Chen , Haochen Xu , Rujun Jiang , Anthony Man-Cho So

Bilevel optimizaiton serves as a powerful tool for many machine learning applications. Perturbed pessimistic bilevel problem PBP$\epsilon$, with $\epsilon$ being an arbitrary positive number, is a variant of the bilevel problem to deal with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Haimei Huo , Risheng Liu , Zhixun Su

The convergence behaviour of first-order methods can be severely slowed down when applied to high-dimensional non-convex functions due to the presence of saddle points. If, additionally, the saddles are surrounded by large plateaus, it is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Nick Tsipinakis , Panos Parpas

Several important problem settings within the literature of reinforcement learning (RL), such as meta-learning, hierarchical learning, and RL from human feedback (RL-HF), can be modelled as bilevel RL problems. A lot has been achieved in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Naman Saxena , Vaneet Aggarwal

Nonconvex-concave (NC-C) finite-sum minimax problems have wide applications in signal processing and machine learning tasks. Conventional stochastic gradient algorithms, which rely on uniform sampling for gradient estimation, often suffer…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Xia Jiang , Linglingzhi Zhu , Taoli Zheng , Anthony Man-Cho So

Topology Optimization (TO), which maximizes structural robustness under material weight constraints, is becoming an essential step for the automatic design of mechanical parts. However, existing TO algorithms use the Finite Element Analysis…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Zherong Pan , Xifeng Gao , Kui Wu

Significant research has been carried out in the recent years for generating systems exhibiting intelligence for realizing optimized routing in networks. In this paper, a grade based twolevel based node selection method along with Particle…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-07-12 T. R. Gopalakrishnan Nair , Kavitha Sooda

The goal of coreset selection in supervised learning is to produce a weighted subset of data, so that training only on the subset achieves similar performance as training on the entire dataset. Existing methods achieved promising results in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Xiao Zhou , Renjie Pi , Weizhong Zhang , Yong Lin , Tong Zhang

Stochastic optimization finds a wide range of applications in operations research and management science. However, existing stochastic optimization techniques usually require the information of random samples (e.g., demands in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-18 Xi Chen , Qihang Lin , Zizhuo Wang

Two-stage stochastic optimization is a framework for modeling uncertainty, where we have a probability distribution over possible realizations of the data, called scenarios, and decisions are taken in two stages: we make first-stage…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Andre Linhares , Chaitanya Swamy

Bilevel optimization problems comprise an upper level optimization task that contains a lower level optimization task as a constraint. While there is a significant and growing literature devoted to solving bilevel problems with single…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Bing Wang , Hemant K. Singh , Tapabrata Ray

Simple bilevel problems are optimization problems in which we want to find an optimal solution to an inner problem that minimizes an outer objective function. Such problems appear in many machine learning and signal processing applications…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Lior Doron , Shimrit Shtern

Nowadays, algorithms with fast convergence, small memory footprints, and low per-iteration complexity are particularly favorable for artificial intelligence applications. In this paper, we propose a doubly stochastic algorithm with a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Zebang Shen , Hui Qian , Tongzhou Mu , Chao Zhang

The paper proposes a new algorithm called SymBa that aims to achieve more biologically plausible learning than Back-Propagation (BP). The algorithm is based on the Forward-Forward (FF) algorithm, which is a BP-free method for training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Heung-Chang Lee , Jeonggeun Song

This paper considers a class of distributed bilevel optimization (DBO) problems with a coupled inner-level subproblem. Existing approaches typically rely on hypergradient estimations involving computationally expensive Hessian evaluation.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Youcheng Niu , Jinming Xu , Ying Sun , Li Chai , Jiming Chen

We study a class of algorithms for solving bilevel optimization problems in both stochastic and deterministic settings when the inner-level objective is strongly convex. Specifically, we consider algorithms based on inexact implicit…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-12 Michael Arbel , Julien Mairal