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Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, finding applications across various domains. However, their reliance on massive internet-sourced datasets for training brings notable privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Michele Miranda , Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Andrea Santilli , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Sébastien Bratières , Emanuele Rodolà

The rapid advancements of large language models (LLMs) have raised public concerns about the privacy leakage of personally identifiable information (PII) within their extensive training datasets. Recent studies have demonstrated that an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Xiaoyi Chen , Siyuan Tang , Rui Zhu , Shijun Yan , Lei Jin , Zihao Wang , Liya Su , Zhikun Zhang , XiaoFeng Wang , Haixu Tang

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for analyzing Internet-scale image data, offering significant benefits but also raising critical safety and societal concerns. In particular, open-weight MLLMs may be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zedian Shao , Hongbin Liu , Yuepeng Hu , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities that increasingly influence various aspects of our daily lives, constantly defining the new boundary of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Image modalities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yihe Fan , Yuxin Cao , Ziyu Zhao , Ziyao Liu , Shaofeng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown greatly enhanced performance in recent years, attributed to increased size and extensive training data. This advancement has led to widespread interest and adoption across industries and the public.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Victoria Smith , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Carolyn Ashurst , Adrian Weller

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered significant popularity and wielded immense power across various domains within Natural Language Processing (NLP). While their capabilities are undeniably impressive, it is crucial to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Sara Abdali , Jia He , CJ Barberan , Richard Anarfi

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable potential across a wide array of vision-language tasks, leading to their adoption in critical domains such as finance and healthcare. However, their growing deployment also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Xiangkui Cao , Jie Zhang , Meina Kan , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

The detection of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) is critical for privacy compliance but remains challenging in low-resource languages due to linguistic diversity and limited annotated data. We present RECAP, a hybrid framework…

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly integral to diverse applications, their capabilities raise significant privacy concerns. This survey offers a comprehensive overview of privacy risks associated with LLMs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Kang Chen , Xiuze Zhou , Yuanguo Lin , Shibo Feng , Li Shen , Pengcheng Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Li , Pohsun Feng , Ziqian Bi , Junyu Liu , Xinyuan Song , Qian Niu

Large language models (LLMs) can sometimes report the strategies they actually use to solve tasks, yet at other times seem unable to recognize those strategies that govern their behavior. This suggests a limited degree of metacognition -…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Li Ji-An , Hua-Dong Xiong , Robert C. Wilson , Marcelo G. Mattar , Marcus K. Benna

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly enhanced the ability to effectively tackle various downstream NLP tasks and unify these tasks into generative pipelines. On the one hand, powerful language models, trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Haoran Li , Yulin Chen , Jinglong Luo , Jiecong Wang , Hao Peng , Yan Kang , Xiaojin Zhang , Qi Hu , Chunkit Chan , Zenglin Xu , Bryan Hooi , Yangqiu Song

Recent studies have demonstrated Large Language Models (LLMs) can extend their zero-shot generalization capabilities to multimodal learning through instruction tuning. As more modalities and downstream tasks are introduced, negative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zeren Chen , Ziqin Wang , Zhen Wang , Huayang Liu , Zhenfei Yin , Si Liu , Lu Sheng , Wanli Ouyang , Yu Qiao , Jing Shao

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) evolve rapidly as Large Language Models (LLMs) was equipped with vision modules to create more human-like models. However, we should carefully evaluate their applications in different domains, as they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yuhang Xiao , Yudi Lin , Ming-Chang Chiu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in vision-language tasks. However, these models often infer and reveal sensitive biometric attributes such as race, gender, age, body weight, and eye color;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Younggun Kim , Sirnam Swetha , Fazil Kagdi , Mubarak Shah

Efficient and privacy-preserving multimodal interaction is essential as AR, VR, and modern smartphones with powerful cameras become primary interfaces for human-computer communication. Existing powerful large vision-language models (VLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Abhijit Mishra , Mingda Li , Hsiang Fu , Richard Noh , Minji Kim

Despite their advanced reasoning capabilities, state-of-the-art Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrably lack a core component of human intelligence: the ability to `read the room' and assess deception in complex social…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Caixin Kang , Yifei Huang , Liangyang Ouyang , Mingfang Zhang , Ruicong Liu , Yoichi Sato

This study explores the capabilities of multimodal large language models (LLMs) in handling challenging multistep tasks that integrate language and vision, focusing on model steerability, composability, and the application of long-term…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 David Noever , Samantha Elizabeth Miller Noever

Detecting personally identifiable information (PII) in user queries is critical for ensuring privacy in question-answering systems. Current approaches mainly redact all PII, disregarding the fact that some of them may be contextually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Mariia Ponomarenko , Sepideh Abedini , Masoumeh Shafieinejad , D. B. Emerson , Shubhankar Mohapatra , Xi He

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant progress; however, these models exhibit a notable limitation, which we refer to as "face blindness". Specifically, they can engage in general…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Renjie Pi , Jianshu Zhang , Tianyang Han , Jipeng Zhang , Rui Pan , Tong Zhang