The detection of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) is critical for privacy compliance but remains challenging in low-resource languages due to linguistic diversity and limited annotated data. We present RECAP, a hybrid framework that combines deterministic regular expressions with context-aware large language models (LLMs) for scalable PII detection across 13 low-resource locales. RECAP's modular design supports over 300 entity types without retraining, using a three-phase refinement pipeline for disambiguation and filtering. Benchmarked with nervaluate, our system outperforms fine-tuned NER models by 82% and zero-shot LLMs by 17% in weighted F1-score. This work offers a scalable and adaptable solution for efficient PII detection in compliance-focused applications.
@article{arxiv.2510.07551,
title = {An Evaluation Study of Hybrid Methods for Multilingual PII Detection},
author = {Harshit Rajgarhia and Suryam Gupta and Asif Shaik and Gulipalli Praveen Kumar and Y Santhoshraj and Sanka Nithya Tanvy Nishitha and Abhishek Mukherji},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.07551},
year = {2025}
}