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Recent Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI o1, have demonstrated strong performance gains by scaling up the length of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning during inference. However, a growing concern lies in their…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to perform complex reasoning tasks, transitioning from fast and intuitive thinking (System 1) to slow and deep reasoning (System 2). While System…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Rui Wang , Hongru Wang , Boyang Xue , Jianhui Pang , Shudong Liu , Yi Chen , Jiahao Qiu , Derek Fai Wong , Heng Ji , Kam-Fai Wong

Recently, Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have demonstrated unique efficiency advantages, enabled by their inherently parallel decoding mechanism and flexible generation paradigm. Meanwhile, despite the rapid advancement of Search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiahao Zhao , Shaoxuan Xu , Zhongxiang Sun , Fengqi Zhu , Jingyang Ou , Yuling Shi , Chongxuan Li , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu

Large Language Model (LLM)-based search agents have shown remarkable capabilities in solving complex tasks by dynamically decomposing problems and addressing them through interleaved reasoning and retrieval. However, this interleaved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tiannuo Yang , Zebin Yao , Bowen Jin , Lixiao Cui , Yusen Li , Gang Wang , Xiaoguang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong generalization across a wide range of tasks. Reasoning with LLMs is central to solving multi-step problems and complex decision-making. To support efficient reasoning, recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jindong Li , Yali Fu , Li Fan , Jiahong Liu , Yao Shu , Chengwei Qin , Menglin Yang , Irwin King , Rex Ying

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, leading to a significant increase in user demand for LLM services. However, cloud-based LLM services often suffer from high latency, unstable responsiveness, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Jin Yang , Qiong Wu , Zhiying Feng , Zhi Zhou , Deke Guo , Xu Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in processing long sequences and complex reasoning tasks, yet efficiently serving these models remains challenging due to the quadratic computational complexity of attention in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shang Yang , Junxian Guo , Haotian Tang , Qinghao Hu , Guangxuan Xiao , Jiaming Tang , Yujun Lin , Zhijian Liu , Yao Lu , Song Han

The development of LLMs has greatly enhanced the intelligence and fluency of question answering, while the emergence of retrieval enhancement has enabled models to better utilize external information. However, the presence of noise and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Xingyun Hong , Yan Shao , Zhilin Wang , Manni Duan , Jin Xiongnan

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive zero/few-shot inference and generation quality for high-resource languages (HRLs). A few of them have been trained on low-resource languages (LRLs) and give decent performance. Owing to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Arijit Nag , Animesh Mukherjee , Niloy Ganguly , Soumen Chakrabarti

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) with varying computational costs and performance profiles presents a critical challenge for scalable, cost-effective deployment in real-world applications. We introduce a unified routing…

The growing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various domains has driven the demand for efficient and scalable AI-serving solutions. Deploying LLMs requires optimizations to manage their significant computational and data…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Junsoo Kim , Hunjong Lee , Geonwoo Ko , Gyubin Choi , Seri Ham , Seongmin Hong , Joo-Young Kim

The widespread adoption of large language models such as ChatGPT and Bard has led to unprecedented demand for these technologies. The burgeoning cost of inference for ever-increasing model sizes coupled with hardware shortages has limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Vishvak Murahari , Ameet Deshpande , Carlos E. Jimenez , Izhak Shafran , Mingqiu Wang , Yuan Cao , Karthik Narasimhan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered considerable attention owing to their remarkable capabilities, leading to an increasing number of companies offering LLMs as services. Different LLMs achieve different performance at different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Yueyue Liu , Hongyu Zhang , Yuantian Miao , Van-Hoang Le , Zhiqiang Li

Distributed prefix caching has become a core technique for efficient LLM serving. However, for long-context requests with high cache hit ratios, retrieving reusable KVCache blocks from remote servers has emerged as a new performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Weiye Wang , Chen Chen , Junxue Zhang , Zhusheng Wang , Hui Yuan , Zixuan Guan , Xiaolong Zheng , Qizhen Weng , Yin Chen , Minyi Guo

Efficient LLM inference scheduling is crucial for user experience. However, LLM inferences exhibit remarkable demand uncertainty (with unknown output length beforehand) and hybridity (being both compute and memory intensive). Existing LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Zhenghao Gan , Yichen Bao , Yifei Liu , Chen Chen , Quan Chen , Minyi Guo

Deductive reasoning plays a pivotal role in the formulation of sound and cohesive arguments. It allows individuals to draw conclusions that logically follow, given the truth value of the information provided. Recent progress in the domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Philipp Mondorf , Barbara Plank

The Large Language Model (LLM) has gained significant popularity and is extensively utilized across various domains. Most LLM deployments occur within cloud data centers, where they encounter substantial response delays and incur high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zhi Yao , Zhiqing Tang , Jiong Lou , Ping Shen , Weijia Jia

LLMs with superior response quality--particularly larger or closed-source models--often come with higher inference costs, making their deployment inefficient and costly. Meanwhile, developing foundational LLMs from scratch is becoming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Alireza Mohammadshahi , Arshad Rafiq Shaikh , Majid Yazdani

Large language models (LLMs) can perform complex reasoning by generating intermediate thoughts under zero-shot or few-shot settings. However, zero-shot prompting always encounters low performance, and the superior performance of few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Xiangyang Liu , Junliang He , Xipeng Qiu

Recent advancements have showcased the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in executing reasoning tasks, particularly facilitated by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. While tasks like arithmetic reasoning involve clear, definitive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Alicia Y. Tsai , Adam Kraft , Long Jin , Chenwei Cai , Anahita Hosseini , Taibai Xu , Zemin Zhang , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi , Xinyang Yi