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Modern deployment of large language models (LLMs) frequently involves both inference serving and continuous retraining to stay aligned with evolving data and user feedback. Common practices separate these workloads onto distinct servers in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yufei Li , Zexin Li , Yinglun Zhu , Cong Liu

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate that chain-of-thought prompting and deep reasoning substantially enhance performance on complex tasks, and multi-agent systems can further improve accuracy by enabling model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Zehui Ling , Deshu Chen , Yichi Zhang , Yuchen Liu , Xigui Li , Xin Guo , Yuan Cheng

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are emerging as a promising alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) due to their ability to capture bidirectional context and the potential for parallel generation. Despite the advantages, dLLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zijian Zhu , Fei Ren , Zhanhong Tan , Kaisheng Ma

We study the problem of routing queries to large language models (LLMs) under cost, GPU resources, and concurrency constraints. Prior per-query routing methods often fail to control batch-level cost, especially under non-uniform or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jelena Markovic-Voronov , Kayhan Behdin , Yuanda Xu , Zhengze Zhou , Zhipeng Wang , Rahul Mazumder

Emerging reasoning LLMs such as OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1 have achieved strong performance on complex reasoning tasks by generating long chain-of-thought (CoT) traces. However, these long CoTs result in increased token usage, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuxiang Zhang , Zhengxu Yu , Weihang Pan , Zhongming Jin , Qiang Fu , Deng Cai , Binbin Lin , Jieping Ye

LAPS identifies and disaggregates requests with different prompt lengths in LLM serving to reduce TTFT latency. While recent systems have decoupled the prefill and decode stages to improve throughput, they still rely on unified scheduling…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jianshu She , Zonghang Li , Hongchao Du , Shangyu Wu , Wenhao Zheng , Eric Xing , Zhengzhong Liu , Huaxiu Yao , Jason Xue , Qirong Ho

We consider a single large language model (LLM) server that serves a heterogeneous stream of queries belonging to $N$ distinct task types. Queries arrive according to a Poisson process, and each type occurs with a known prior probability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Emre Ozbas , Melih Bastopcu

The reasoning large language model (RLLM) has been proven competitive in solving complex reasoning tasks such as mathematics, coding, compared to general LLM. However, the serving performance and behavior of RLLM remains unexplored, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Qi Li , Junpan Wu , Xiang Liu , Yuxin Wang , Zeyu Li , Zhenheng Tang , Yuhan Chen , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved significant success across various application domains, garnering substantial attention from different communities. Unfortunately, even for the best LLM, many \textit{faults} still exist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Qiang Hu , Jin Wen , Maxime Cordy , Yuheng Huang , Wei Ma , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma

In recent times, the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has resulted in increasingly larger model size, posing challenges for inference on low-resource devices. Prior approaches have explored offloading to facilitate low-memory…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xuanlei Zhao , Bin Jia , Haotian Zhou , Ziming Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Yang You

Recently, the number of off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs) has exploded with many open-source options. This creates a diverse landscape regarding both serving options (e.g., inference on local hardware vs remote LLM APIs) and model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Dimitrios Sikeridis , Dennis Ramdass , Pranay Pareek

Recent advancements in tree search algorithms guided by verifiers have significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but at the cost of increased computational resources. In this work, we identify two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ante Wang , Linfeng Song , Ye Tian , Dian Yu , Haitao Mi , Xiangyu Duan , Zhaopeng Tu , Jinsong Su , Dong Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising first-order logic (FOL) reasoning capabilities with applications in various areas. However, their effectiveness in complex mathematical reasoning involving multi-step FOL deductions is still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Chuxue Cao , Mengze Li , Juntao Dai , Jinluan Yang , Zijian Zhao , Shengyu Zhang , Weijie Shi , Chengzhong Liu , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable improvements in reasoning and planning through increased test-time compute, often by framing problem-solving as a search process. While methods like Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Nathan Herr , Tim Rocktäschel , Roberta Raileanu

We propose integration of reasoning into speech large language models (speechLLMs) for the end-to-end slot-filling task. Inspired by the recent development of reasoning LLMs, we use a chain-of-thought framework to decompose the slot-filling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Kadri Hacioglu , Manjunath K E , Andreas Stolcke

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in solving complex reasoning tasks through mechanisms like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting, which emphasizes verbose, step-by-step reasoning. However, humans typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Silei Xu , Wenhao Xie , Lingxiao Zhao , Pengcheng He

Tool-augmented large language models (LLMs) leverage tools, often in the form of APIs, to improve their reasoning capabilities on complex tasks. This enables them to act as intelligent agents interacting with the real world. The recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Sijia Chen , Yibo Wang , Yi-Feng Wu , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Lijun Zhang

A recent approach to neurosymbolic reasoning is to explicitly combine the strengths of large language models (LLMs) and symbolic solvers to tackle complex reasoning tasks. However, current approaches face significant limitations, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Benjamin Callewaert , Simon Vandevelde , Joost Vennekens

Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly transformed the landscape of artificial intelligence, enabling natural language interfaces and dynamic orchestration of software components. However, their reliance on probabilistic inference limits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Claudionor Coelho , Yanen Li , Philip Tee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in executing complex reasoning tasks. Chain-of-thought effectively enhances reasoning capabilities by unlocking the potential of large models, while multi-agent systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jiaxing Zhao , Hongbin Xie , Yuzhen Lei , Xuan Song , Zhuoran Shi , Lianxin Li , Shuangxue Liu , Linguo Xie , Haoran Zhang