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The accurate sky localization of gravitational wave (GW) sources is an important scientific goal for space-based GW detectors. The main differences between future space-based GW detectors, such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA),…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-31 Tong Jiang , Yungui Gong , Xuchen Lu

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a data processing technique for LISA designed to suppress the otherwise overwhelming laser noise by several orders of magnitude. It is widely believed that TDI can only be applied once all phase or…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-30 Olaf Hartwig , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Martin Staab , Aurélien Hees , Marc Lilley , Peter Wolf

We propose a method for separating and detecting the non-tensor modes of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (SGWBs) using networks of space-based gravitational-wave detectors. We consider four distinct data-reconstruction schemes for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-24 Bo Mu , Zong-Kuan Guo

The data analysis of space-based gravitational wave detectors like Taiji faces significant challenges from non-stationary noise, which compromises the efficacy of traditional frequency-domain analysis. This work proposes a unified framework…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-23 Minghui Du , Ziren Luo , Peng Xu

The direct observation of gravitational waves (GWs) opens a new window for exploring new physics from quanta to cosmos and provides a new tool for probing the evolution of universe. GWs detection in space covers a broad spectrum ranging…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-17 Zhixiang Ren , Tianyu Zhao , Zhoujian Cao , Zong-Kuan Guo , Wen-Biao Han , Hong-Bo Jin , Yue-Liang Wu

Accurately calibrating the center-of-mass (CoM) offset between the spacecraft (SC) and the inertial sensor test mass (TM) is crucial for space-based gravitational-wave (GW) antennas, such as LISA and Taiji. Current calibration methods…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-23 Haoyue Zhang , Dong Ye , Peng Xu , Yunhai Geng , Li-E Qiang , Ziren Luo

The stochastic gravitational wave background is a broadband target from diverse astrophysical and cosmological sources. The background falls within the mHz frequency band could become a potential observable for future space-based…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-21 Yang Jiang , Qing-Guo Huang

China is planning to construct a new space-borne gravitational-wave (GW) observatory, the TianQin project, in which the spaceborne telescope is an important component in laser interferometry. The telescope is aimed to transmit laser beams…

The method of time delay interferometry (TDI) is proposed to cancel the laser noise in space-borne gravitational-wave detectors. Among all different TDI combinations, the most commonly used ones are the orthogonal channels A, E and T, where…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-09 Zheng-Cheng Liang , Zhi-Yuan Li , Jun Cheng , En-Kun Li , Jian-dong Zhang , Yi-Ming Hu

Equal-arm interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation allow phase measurements many orders of magnitude below the intrinsic phase stability of the laser injecting light into their arms. This is because the noise in the laser light…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-25 Massimo Tinto , Sanjeev V. Dhurandhar

LISA is a joint space mission of the ESA and NASA for detecting low frequency gravitational radiation in the band $10^{-5} - 1$ Hz. In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA, the laser frequency noise must be suppressed below…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-13 S. V. Dhurandhar

In the context of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), the laser subsystems exhibit frequency fluctuations that introduce significant levels of noise into the measurements, surpassing the gravitational wave signal by several…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-01-15 Philipp Euringer , Niklas Houba , Gerald Hechenblaikner , Oliver Mandel , Francis Soualle , Walter Fichter

We experimentally demonstrate a novel interferometric architecture for next-generation gravity missions, featuring a laser ranging interferometer (LRI) that enables monoaxial transmission and reception of laser beams between two optical…

The TianQin space Gravitational Waves (GW) observatory will contain 3 geocentric and circularly orbiting spacecraft with an orbital radius of 10^5 km, to detect the GW in the milli-hertz frequency band. Each spacecraft pair will establish a…

Space Physics · Physics 2021-03-16 Ling-Feng Lu , Wei Su , Xuefeng Zhang , Zhao-Guo He , Hui-Zong Duan , Yuan-Ze Jiang , Hsien-Chi Yeh

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. The three-spacecraft constellation forms a nearly-equilateral triangle, which experiences…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Olaf Hartwig , Jean-Baptiste Bayle

We propose the Jiggled Interferometer (JIGI), a novel ground-based gravitational wave detector employing low-frequency noise mitigation similar to that of space-based detectors. Using rapidly-repeated free-fall test masses, JIGI eliminates…

Recently, multiple pulsar timing array collaborations have presented compelling evidence for a stochastic signal at nanohertz frequencies, potentially originating from cosmic strings. Cosmic strings are linear topological defects that can…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-28 Zu-Cheng Chen , Qing-Guo Huang , Chang Liu , Lang Liu , Xiao-Jin Liu , You Wu , Yu-Mei Wu , Zhu Yi , Zhi-Qiang You

TianQin is a proposed geocentric space-based gravitational wave observatory mission, which requires time-delay interferometry (TDI) to cancel laser frequency noise. With high demands for precision, solar-wind plasma environment at $\sim…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-26 Yi-De Jing , Lu Zheng , Shutao Yang , Xuefeng Zhang , Lingfeng Lu , Binbin Tang , Wei Su

Spaceborne gravitational-wave observatories utilize a postprocessing technique known as time-delay interferometry (TDI) to reduce the otherwise overwhelming laser frequency noise by around 8 orders of magnitude. While, in its traditional…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-11 Kohei Yamamoto , Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Olaf Hartwig