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The development of state-of-the-art large language models is commonly understood as a two-stage process involving pre-training and post-training. We point out the need for an additional intermediate stage called reinforcement mid-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yijun Tian , Shaoyu Chen , Zhichao Xu , Yawei Wang , Jinhe Bi , Peng Han , Wei Wang

Speculative decoding is an effective and lossless method for Large Language Model (LLM) inference acceleration. It employs a smaller model to generate a draft token sequence, which is then verified by the original base model. In multi-GPU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yize Wu , Ke Gao , Ling Li , Yanjun Wu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have remarkably enhanced performances on a variety of tasks in multiple languages. However, tokenizers in LLMs trained primarily on English-centric corpora often overly fragment a text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jimin Hong , Gibbeum Lee , Jaewoong Cho

Traditional language models operate autoregressively, i.e., they predict one token at a time. Rapid explosion in model sizes has resulted in high inference times. In this work, we propose DynaMo, a suite of multi-token prediction language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Shikhar Tuli , Chi-Heng Lin , Yen-Chang Hsu , Niraj K. Jha , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin

Current direct speech-to-speech translation methods predominantly employ speech tokens as intermediate representations. However, a single speech token is not dense in semantics, so we generally need multiple tokens to express a complete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jianjin Wang , Runsong Zhao , Xiaoqian Liu , Yuan Ge , Ziqiang Xu , Tong Xiao , Shengxiang Gao , Zhengtao Yu , Jingbo Zhu

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance across various tasks by adhering to scaling laws, which significantly increase model size. However, the huge computation overhead during inference hinders the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zekai Li , Jintu Zheng , Ji Liu , Han Liu , Haowei Zhu , Zeping Li , Fuwei Yang , Haiduo Huang , Jinzhang Peng , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

Pre-trained vision-language models are able to interpret visual concepts and language semantics. Prompt learning, a method of constructing prompts for text encoders or image encoders, elicits the potentials of pre-trained models and readily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhenhan Huang , Tejaswini Pedapati , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianxi Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted extensive attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, the substantial computational and memory requirements of LLM inference pose challenges for deployment in…

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Recent advances have witnessed the effectiveness of reinforcement learning (RL) finetuning in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). The optimization process often requires numerous iterations to achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yun Qu , Qi Wang , Yixiu Mao , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer , Xiangyang Ji

One of the main motivations of MTL is to develop neural networks capable of inferring multiple tasks simultaneously. While countless methods have been proposed in the past decade investigating robust model architectures and efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Dayou Mao , Yuhao Chen , Yifan Wu , Maximilian Gilles , Alexander Wong

Real-world deployment of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) is hindered by high computational demands, as existing architectures inefficiently process all tokens uniformly. We introduce Adaptive Token Pruning (ATP), a dynamic inference mechanism…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xue Li , Xiaonan Song , Henry Hu

Vision-Language Transformers (VLTs) have shown great success recently, but are meanwhile accompanied by heavy computation costs, where a major reason can be attributed to the large number of visual and language tokens. Existing token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Jianjian Cao , Peng Ye , Shengze Li , Chong Yu , Yansong Tang , Jiwen Lu , Tao Chen

Deploying transformer models in practice is challenging due to their inference cost, which scales quadratically with input sequence length. To address this, we present a novel Learned Token Pruning (LTP) method which adaptively removes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Sehoon Kim , Sheng Shen , David Thorsley , Amir Gholami , Woosuk Kwon , Joseph Hassoun , Kurt Keutzer

Accelerating the inference of large language models (LLMs) is a critical challenge in generative AI. Speculative decoding (SD) methods offer substantial efficiency gains by generating multiple tokens using a single target forward pass.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Nadav Timor , Jonathan Mamou , Daniel Korat , Moshe Berchansky , Gaurav Jain , Oren Pereg , Moshe Wasserblat , David Harel

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in advancing natural language processing but often struggle with complex reasoning tasks due to inefficient attention distributions. In this paper, we explore the effect of increased computed tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

In this study, we aim to explore Multitask Speech Language Model (SpeechLM) efficient inference via token reduction. Unlike other modalities such as vision or text, speech has unique temporal dependencies, making previous efficient…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-07 Yichen Lu , Jiaqi Song , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Shinji Watanabe

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown impressive performance across multi-modal tasks by encoding images into thousands of tokens. However, the large number of image tokens results in significant computational overhead, and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Kaiyuan Li , Xiaoyue Chen , Chen Gao , Yong Li , Xinlei Chen

Hyperscaling of data and parameter count in LLMs is yielding diminishing improvement when weighed against training costs, underlining a growing need for more efficient finetuning and inference without sacrificing performance. This is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Moulik Choraria , Xinbo Wu , Akhil Bhimaraju , Nitesh Sekhar , Yue Wu , Xu Zhang , Prateek Singhal , Lav R. Varshney

Multi-task learning (MTL) has recently contributed to learning better representations in service of various NLP tasks. MTL aims at improving the performance of a primary task, by jointly training on a secondary task. This paper introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Davis Liang , Yan Shu
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