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Transformer-based models generally allocate the same amount of computation for each token in a given sequence. We develop a simple but effective "token dropping" method to accelerate the pretraining of transformer models, such as BERT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Le Hou , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , Tianyi Zhou , Yuexin Wu , Xinying Song , Xiaodan Song , Denny Zhou

Speculative decoding, which combines a draft model with a target model, has emerged as an effective approach to accelerate large language model (LLM) inference. However, existing methods often face a trade-off between the acceptance rate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Danying Ge , Jianhua Gao , Qizhi Jiang , Yifei Feng , Weixing Ji

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable abilities, they are hindered by significant resource consumption and considerable latency due to autoregressive processing. In this study, we introduce Adaptive N-gram Parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Jie Ou , Yueming Chen , Wenhong Tian

Extending Large Language Models (LLMs) to advanced applications requires reliable structured output generation. Existing methods which often rely on rigid JSON schemas, can lead to unreliable outputs, diminished reasoning capabilities, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Chandra Irugalbandara

The autoregressive nature of large language models (LLMs) fundamentally limits inference speed, as each forward pass generates only a single token and is often bottlenecked by memory bandwidth. Speculative decoding has emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zihao An , Huajun Bai , Ziqiong Liu , Dong Li , Emad Barsoum

Recently, prompt tuning (PT) has gained increasing attention as a parameter-efficient way of tuning pre-trained language models (PLMs). Despite extensively reducing the number of tunable parameters and achieving satisfying performance, PT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Yufei Huang , Yujia Qin , Huadong Wang , Yichun Yin , Maosong Sun , Zhiyuan Liu , Qun Liu

Distributed inference serves as a promising approach to enabling the inference of large language models (LLMs) at the network edge. It distributes the inference process to multiple devices to ensure that the LLMs can fit into the device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xing Liu , Lizhuo Luo , Ming Tang , Chao Huang , Xu Chen

Pre-training of Large Language Models is often prohibitively expensive and inefficient at scale, requiring complex and invasive modifications in order to achieve high data throughput. In this work, we present Token-Superposition Training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Bowen Peng , Théo Gigant , Jeffrey Quesnelle

Next token prediction paradigm has been prevailing for autoregressive models in the era of LLMs. The current default sampling choice for popular LLMs is temperature scaling together with nucleus sampling to balance diversity and coherence.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Yizhou Wang , Lingzhi Zhang , Yue Bai , Mang Tik Chiu , Zhengmian Hu , Mingyuan Zhang , Qihua Dong , Yu Yin , Sohrab Amirghodsi , Yun Fu

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with auxiliary tokens has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing model performance. In this work, we introduce a lightweight method termed latent tokens; these are dummy tokens that may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuchang Sun , Yanxi Chen , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding

While 3D Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable scene understanding capabilities, their practical deployment faces critical challenges due to computational inefficiency. The key bottleneck stems from processing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Wencan Huang , Daizong Liu , Wei Hu

Recent state-of-the-art language models utilize a two-phase training procedure comprised of (i) unsupervised pre-training on unlabeled text, and (ii) fine-tuning for a specific supervised task. More recently, many studies have been focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Itzik Malkiel , Lior Wolf

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external tools has emerged as a promising approach to solving complex problems. However, traditional methods, which finetune LLMs with tool demonstration data, can be both costly and restricted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Shibo Hao , Tianyang Liu , Zhen Wang , Zhiting Hu

Striking an optimal balance between minimal drafting latency and high speculation accuracy to enhance the inference speed of Large Language Models remains a significant challenge in speculative decoding. In this paper, we introduce Falcon,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Xiangxiang Gao , Weisheng Xie , Yiwei Xiang , Feng Ji

To reduce the latency associated with autoretrogressive LLM inference, speculative decoding has emerged as a novel decoding paradigm, where future tokens are drafted and verified in parallel. However, the practical deployment of speculative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Shwetha Somasundaram , Anirudh Phukan , Apoorv Saxena

Language models (LMs) trained on vast quantities of unlabelled data have greatly advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP). In this study, we re-visit the widely accepted notion in NLP that continued pre-training LMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Zhengxiang Shi , Aldo Lipani

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated on multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) tasks using *first-token probability* (FTP), which selects the answer option whose initial token has the highest likelihood. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Silvia Cappelletti , Tobia Poppi , Samuele Poppi , Zheng-Xin Yong , Diego Garcia-Olano , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Software development is shifting from traditional programming to AI-integrated applications that leverage generative AI and large language models (LLMs) during runtime. However, integrating LLMs remains complex, requiring developers to…

When the complete source sentence is provided, Large Language Models (LLMs) perform excellently in offline machine translation even with a simple prompt "Translate the following sentence from [src lang] into [tgt lang]:". However, in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Biao Fu , Minpeng Liao , Kai Fan , Chengxi Li , Liang Zhang , Yidong Chen , Xiaodong Shi

Semantic Tube Prediction (STP) leverages representation geometric to regularize LLM hidden-state trajectories toward locally linear geodesics during fine-tuning, thereby greatly improving data efficiency. The original STP recipe samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yidi Yuan